Platform for providing customizable user brand experiences, sponsorship junctions, and conversion attribution

ABSTRACT

A computer-readable medium that, when executed on a server, establishes processes for providing a brand sponsorship environment, the processes including providing a computer-implemented platform establishing a sponsorship junction involving, in case 1, a set of trigger-monitorable activities defined by a set of sponsoring brands or, in case 2, a subset of the trigger-monitorable activities defined by the set of sponsoring brands.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.15/888,694, filed on Feb. 5, 2018 and issuing on Sep. 8, 2020 as U.S.Pat. No. 10,769,680, which claims priority to U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 62/484,077, filed Apr. 11, 2017, and is also acontinuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/291,309, filed Oct.12, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,886,720, which claims the benefit of U.S.Provisional Application No. 62/241,113, filed Oct. 13, 2015, for aninvention having the same title as above and by the same inventors; eachof which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Thesubject matter of the present application also may be related to U.S.application Ser. No. 14/253,621, filed Apr. 15, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No.9,218,609, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in itsentirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to the area of server-based softwareservices, and more particularly to computer-implemented methods forproviding customizable brand experiences in relation to usage ofcomputer devices such as mobile smart phones.

BACKGROUND ART

Since the presently described invention touches on several fields, it isuseful to discuss prior art in these separate areas.

MIT has produced an educational programming language called “Scratch,”which is meant to make it easier to program computers so that childrencan understand it.

Google and other companies have built mapping services which are basedon a combination of tile servers as well as vector graphics. Google hasintegrated its mapping services with its “Street View” fleet of carswith cameras on the roofs in order to create a further ground-level viewof the world's streets.

There are several advertising networks which specialize in mobileadvertising, including AdMob, iAd, InMobi, and others. Their strategy isto advertise in existing apps and on mobile web pages using technologysuch as banners and interstitials.

Pebbling is an advanced topic in computer science, and an overview canbe found in the Ph.D. theses of the inventors. For example, seeApplications of Games to Propositional Proof Complexity. A. Hertel,University of Toronto, 2008, or Clause Learning, Resolution Space, &Pebbling. P. Hertel, University of Toronto, 2008.

SUMMARY OF THE EMBODIMENTS

In one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided acomputer-implemented method of providing a brand sponsorshipenvironment. The method of this embodiment includes providing acomputer-implemented platform establishing a sponsorship junctioninvolving a first set of trigger-monitorable activities defined by a setof audience providers.

The platform of this embodiment implements a set of three over-allprocesses. The first over-all process includes providing acomputer-implemented platform establishing a sponsorship junctioninvolving a first set of trigger-monitorable activities defined by a setof audience providers. The platform implementing processes include:

-   -   for each audience provider of the set of audience providers:        -   serving over a network, by a server, the server coupled to a            storage system and coupled to the network, data defining a            screen on a client computer of an audience provider            representative by which the audience provider representative            can specify at least a specified subset of the first set of            trigger-monitorable activities, the specified subset being            monitored by corresponding triggers; and        -   receiving over the network and storing by the server data            from the client computer of such audience provider            representative defining the specified subset of            trigger-monitorable activities;    -   for each sponsoring brand of the set of sponsoring brands:        -   serving over the network: by the server, data defining a            screen on a client computer of a sponsoring brand            representative by which the sponsoring brand representative            can specify a reward that can be offered to a participating            end user; and        -   receiving over the network and storing by the server data            from the client computer of such sponsoring brand            representative defining the reward;    -   wherein at least one of all of the trigger-monitorable        activities in the specified subset utilizes a Physical Trigger.        The second over-all process includes storing, by the server, for        each given sponsoring brand, a sponsor selection that        establishes a set of linkages, each linkage defining a        correspondence between at least one member of the specified        subset of trigger-monitorable activities and the reward        applicable to the given sponsoring brand, so as to define        sponsorship by the given sponsoring brand of the at least one        activity of an audience provider in the set of audience        providers. The third over-all process includes receiving, by the        server, over a period of time, a set of triggers, applicable to        the participating end-user, and, responsive to the stored        sponsor selection of such brand's set of linkages, associating,        by the server, the set of triggers with the account of a        pertinent one of the set of audience providers and relaying the        set of triggers to the corresponding set of sponsoring brands.

In a further related embodiment the method includes, before storing bythe server the sponsor selection, applicable to the participatingend-user, receiving the sponsor selection by the server over the networkfrom a computing device of the participating end-user. Alternatively orin addition, the method further includes, before storing by the serverthe sponsor selection, applicable to the participating end-user, makingthe sponsor selection by the server. Optionally, making the sponsorselection by the server includes evaluating by the server datacharacterizing bids received from an auction.

In a further related embodiment, (i) for each sponsoring brand, thereward that can be offered to the participating end user isparticipation in a second set of trigger-monitorable activities definedby such sponsoring brand, and (ii) each linkage, defining acorrespondence between at least one trigger monitorable activityattributable to a member of the set of audience providers and at leastone trigger, attributable to such sponsoring brand, that is a conversiontrigger that is fired when the participating end-user performs an actiontargeted by the sponsorship. In this embodiment, the method furtherincludes providing to the participating end-user, when and only when theparticipating end-user shall have performed the targeted action, a tokencoded uniquely for a one-time use, wherein a reward for the targetedaction is conditioned on interaction of the participating end-user'scomputing device with the token so as to cause sending a conversiontrigger message to the server, so that the conversion trigger message isproduced only once and only after the targeted action has been performedby the participating end-user. In a further related embodiment, thetargeted action is visiting by the participating end user of anidentified physical location. In another related embodiment, thetargeted action is purchasing by the participating end user of an item.Optionally, the token is implemented in a receipt given to the end userfor making a purchase. Alternatively, the targeted action is visiting bythe participating end user to an identified digital location.Optionally, the digital location is identified by a URL.

In another embodiment of the invention, there is provided acomputer-implemented method of providing a brand sponsorshipenvironment. This embodiment implements a set of three over-allprocesses.

The first over-all process includes providing a computer-implementedplatform establishing a sponsorship junction involving a second set oftrigger-monitorable activities defined by a set of sponsoring brands.This platform implements processes including:

-   -   for each audience provider of the set of audience providers:        -   serving over a network, by a server, the server coupled to a            storage system and coupled to the network, data defining a            screen on a client computer of an audience provider            representative by which the audience provider representative            can specify a reward that can be offered to a participating            end user; and        -   receiving over the network and storing by the server data            from the client computer of such audience provider            representative defining the reward;    -   for each sponsoring brand of the set of sponsoring brands:        -   serving over the network, by the server, data defining a            screen on a client computer of a sponsoring brand            representative by which the sponsoring brand representative            can specify at least a specified subset of the second set of            trigger-monitorable activities, the specified subset being            monitored by corresponding triggers; and        -   receiving over the network and storing by the server data            from the client computer of the sponsoring brand            representative defining the specified subset of            trigger-monitorable activities;    -   wherein at least one of all of the trigger-monitorable        activities in the specified subset utilizes a Physical Trigger.        The second over-all process includes storing, by the server, for        each given sponsoring brand, a sponsor selection that        establishes a set of linkages, each linkage defining a        correspondence between at least one member of the specified        subset of trigger-monitorable activities and the reward        applicable to the given sponsoring brand, so as to define        sponsorship by the given sponsoring brand of the at least one        activity of an audience provider in the set of audience        providers. Finally, the third over-all process includes        receiving, by the server, over a period of time, a set of        triggers, applicable to the participating end-user, and,        responsive to the stored sponsor selection of such brand's set        of linkages, associating, by the server, the set of triggers        with the account of a pertinent one of the set of sponsoring        brands and relaying the set of triggers to the corresponding set        of experience providers.

In a further related embodiment the method further includes beforestoring by the server the selection, applicable to the participatingend-user, of a set of sponsoring brands for which a sponsorship has beenestablished, receiving the selection by the server over the network froma computing device of the participating end-user. Alternatively, themethod further includes before storing by the server the selection,applicable to the participating end-user, of a set of sponsoring brandsfor which a sponsorship has been established, making the selection bythe server. Optionally, making the selection by the server includesevaluating by the server data characterizing bids received from anauction.

In another related embodiment, one of the linkages, defining acorrespondence between at least one trigger attributable to a set ofaudience providers and at least one trigger attributable to a set ofsponsoring brands, relates to a conversion trigger that is fired whenthe participating end-user performs an action targeted by thesponsorship. In this embodiment, the method further includes providingto the participating end-user, when and only when the participatingend-user shall have performed the targeted action, a token codeduniquely for a one-time use, wherein a reward for the targeted action isconditioned on interaction of the participating end-user's computingdevice with the token so as to cause sending a conversion triggermessage to the server, so that the conversion trigger message isproduced only once and only after the targeted action has been performedby the participating end-user.Optionally, the targeted action is visiting by the participating enduser of an identified physical location. Also optionally, the targetedaction is purchasing by the participating end user of an item. As afurther option, the token is implemented in a receipt given to the enduser for making a purchase. Optionally, the targeted action is visitingby the participating end user to an identified digital location. As afurther option. the digital location is identified by a URL.

In another embodiment, there is provided a computer-implemented methodof providing a brand sponsorship environment. The method of thisembodiment includes providing a computer-implemented platformestablishing a sponsorship junction involving a first set oftrigger-monitorable activities defined by a set of sponsoring brands. Inthis embodiment, the platform implements a series of processes. Theprocesses include, for each sponsoring brand of the set of sponsoringbrands, serving over a network, by a server, the server coupled to astorage system and coupled to the network, data defining a screen on aclient computer of such sponsoring brand representative by which thesponsoring brand representative can specify at least a specified subsetof the first set of trigger-monitorable activities and a correspondingoffer, the specified subset being monitored by corresponding triggers.The processes also include receiving over the network and storing by theserver data, from the client computer of such sponsoring brandrepresentative, defining the specified subset of trigger-monitorableactivities and the corresponding offer. In these processes, at least oneof all of the trigger-monitorable activities in the specified subsetutilizes a Physical Trigger. The processes further include causingdisplay, by the server, over the network, of data characterizing theoffer for the trigger-monitorable activity, on client computers of a setof audience provider representatives. The method further includesstoring, by the server, for each audience provider representativeaccepting the offer of a given sponsoring brand, an audience providerselection that establishes a set of linkages, each linkage defining acorrespondence between at least one member of the specified subset oftrigger-monitorable activities and such audience provider, so as todefine sponsorship by the given sponsoring brand of such audienceprovider in the set of audience providers. Also the method includes, foreach audience provider representative accepting the offer of the givensponsoring brand, receiving, by the server, over a period of time, a setof triggers, each trigger applicable to a participating end-userassociated with such audience provider, and, responsive to the storedselection by such audience provider, associating, by the server, the setof triggers with the account of the given sponsoring brand and relayingthe set of triggers according to instructions provided on behalf of suchaudience provider.

In yet another embodiment, there is provided a computer-implementedmethod of providing a brand sponsorship environment. The method of thisembodiment includes providing a computer-implemented platformestablishing a sponsorship junction involving a trigger-monitorableactivity defined by a given sponsoring brand. The platform implements aseries of processes that include serving over a network, by a server,the server coupled to a storage system and coupled to the network, datadefining a screen on a client computer of a sponsoring brandrepresentative by which the sponsoring brand representative can specifythe trigger-monitorable activity and a corresponding offer, thespecified trigger-monitorable activity being monitored by correspondingtriggers. The processes also include receiving over the network andstoring by the server data, from the client computer of such sponsoringbrand representative, defining the trigger-monitorable activity and thecorresponding offer. In these processes, the trigger-monitorableactivity utilizes a Physical Trigger. The processes further includecausing display, by the server, over the network, of data characterizingthe offer for the trigger-monitorable activity, to client computers of aset of audience providers. The method further includes storing, by theserver, for any audience provider accepting the offer, an audienceprovider selection that establishes a linkage defining a correspondencebetween the trigger-monitorable activity and such audience provider, soas to define sponsorship by the given sponsoring brand of such audienceprovider. The method also includes receiving, by the server, over aperiod of time, a set of triggers, each trigger applicable to aparticipating end-user associated with such audience provider, and,responsive to the stored selection by such audience provider subsets oftrigger-monitorable activities, associating, by the server, each triggerwith the account of the given sponsoring brand and relaying the triggeraccording to instructions provided on behalf of such audience provider.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing features of embodiments will be more readily understood byreference to the following detailed description, taken with reference tothe accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a diagram of high-level system architecture of an embodimentof the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a more detailed diagram of the system architecture of theembodiment of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a representation of a display presenting a main user interfacemenu for use by a brand representative with an embodiment, such as thatof FIG. 1, of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a representation of a display presenting a user interface(here in blank), for use by a brand representative, in accordance withan embodiment of the present invention for a visual editor for creatinga module for use in the embodiment of FIG. 2.

FIG. 5 is a representation of a display presenting the visual editor ofFIG. 4, here showing creation of a state diagram of the module of FIG.4.

FIG. 6 is a representation of a display presenting a user interface(here, in blank), in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention, for a simulator for testing and running a module createdusing the editor of FIG. 4.

FIG. 7 is a representation of a display presenting the user interface ofFIG. 6, wherein the Simulator is running a specific module, in aparticular state, created using the system's editor.

FIG. 8 is a representation of a display presenting the user interface ofFIG. 6, wherein the system's Simulator is running the same module as inFIG. 7 except that it has progressed to a different state.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating high-level communication architectureof an embodiment of the present invention, for use with an embodimentsuch as shown in FIG. 2, including a non-exhaustive list of the system'strigger types.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating how the heterogeneous Trigger Network,of the embodiment of FIG. 9, allows it to integrate with existingheterogeneous ad networks.

FIG. 11 is a diagram including a representation of a display presentinga mobile user interface, for use by an end-user, in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention, for interacting with a visualtrigger that is also represented in the diagram.

FIG. 12 is a diagram including a representation of a display presentinga mobile user interface, for use by an end-user, in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention, for interacting with a geo-locationtrigger that is also represented in the diagram.

FIG. 13 is a diagram including a representation of a mobile userinterface, for use by an end-user, in accordance with an embodiment ofthe present invention, for interacting with a near-field communication(NFC) trigger.

FIG. 14 is a diagram including a representation of a display presentinga mobile user interface, for use by an end-user, in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention, for interacting with a codewordtrigger.

FIG. 15 is a diagram including a representation of a display presentinga mobile user interface, for use by an end-user, in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention, for interacting with a peer-to-peer(P2P) trigger.

FIG. 16 is a diagram including a representation of a display presentinga mobile user interface, for use by an end-user, in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention, for interacting with a soundrecognition trigger.

FIG. 17 is a diagram including a representation of a display presentinga mobile user interface, for use by an end-user, in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention, for reporting interaction with aproximity trigger.

FIG. 18 is a diagram including a representation of a display presentinga mobile user interface, for use by an end-user, in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention, for interacting with a YouTubetrigger.

FIG. 19 is a diagram including a representation of a display presentinga mobile user interface, for use by an end-user, in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention, for interacting with a Facebooktrigger.

FIG. 20 is a diagram including a representation of a display presentinga mobile user interface, for use by an end-user, in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention, for interacting with a Google+trigger.

FIG. 21 is a diagram including a representation of a display presentinga mobile user interface, for use by an end-user, in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention, for interacting with a Twittertrigger.

FIG. 22 is a diagram including a representation of a display presentinga mobile user interface, for use by an end-user, in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention, for reporting interaction with acustom API or custom HTTP POST trigger.

FIG. 23 is a diagram including representations of displays presentingmobile user interfaces, for use by an end-user, but showing suchrepresentations as a result of running the module of FIGS. 6 and 7 in asandbox application, as a stand-alone application, or as a splice inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention, wherein themodule's output display is identical to that from the Simulator.

FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating testing and development optionsavailable to a a brand representative in accordance with an embodimentof the present invention.

FIG. 25 is a flow diagram illustrating a typical order of testing anddevelopment through which a brand representative develops a module foruse in an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 26 is a diagram illustrating the main components of what we term“Pebbling Language”, namely nodes, edges, and groups, used in writingsource code that defines the module of FIGS. 7 and 8, in accordance withan embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 27 is a diagram showing a non-exhaustive compilation of thePebbling Language's node types, in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 28 is a diagram showing a non-exhaustive compilation of thePebbling Language's edge types, in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 29 is a diagram showing a non-exhaustive compilation of thePebbling Language's receiver types corresponding to the trigger types inFIG. 9, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 30 is a diagram showing a non-exhaustive compilation of thePebbling Language's group types, in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 31 is a diagram of the embodiment of FIG. 2, showing systemarchitecture and information flow for creating and maintaining varioustypes of entities used in the embodiment.

FIG. 32 is a block diagram illustrating the progressive flow of eventspertaining to changes in state of a module for the embodiment of FIG. 2as applied to a specific user instance, in response to specifictriggers.

FIG. 33 is a block diagram illustrating the architecture and informationflow associated with the Logic Engine 110 of FIGS. 1 and 2, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 34-36 are block diagrams collectively showing the order ofoperations performed by the Module Processor 3340 of FIG. 33.

FIG. 37 is a logical flow diagram illustrating how the embodiment ofFIG. 2 can be considered as a Universal Event Bus.

FIGS. 38A, 38B, and 38C are representations of Sponsorship Junctionend-user experiences, including display screens, respectively associatedwith sponsor selection, results of game play, and user outcomemessaging.

FIG. 39 is a block diagram illustrating how handling of SponsorshipJunctions is accomplished in the overall architecture of the embodimentof FIG. 2, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 40 is a block diagram showing the inner logical structure ofSponsorship Junctions.

FIGS. 41 and 42 are diagrams including representations of displayspresenting a mobile user interface, for use by an end-user, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention, for utilizing aLoyalty Points Exchange, in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 43 is a block diagram illustrating how handling of the LoyaltyPoints Exchange of FIGS. 41 and 42 is accomplished in the overallarchitecture of the embodiment of FIG. 2, in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 44 illustrates one example of an end-user's experience of receivingan event from the system's Trigger Stream and includes a representationof a display presenting a mobile user interface for that purpose, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention that may beimplemented in the embodiment of FIG. 2 using a Trigger Stream system.

FIG. 45 is a block diagram illustrating how the Trigger Stream system isintegrated into the overall architecture of the embodiment of FIG. 2, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 46 is a block diagram showing the inner logical structure of thesystem's Trigger Stream Nexus.

FIG. 47 illustrates an interface, in accordance with an embodiment ofthe present invention, for programming by the audience provider Team 1,which in this example is acting as an experience provider.

FIG. 48 illustrates a corresponding interface, in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention, for the sponsoring brand to definea trigger associated with foot traffic into a retail location of thesponsoring brand or some other similar end user activity.

FIG. 49 shows a fan's view of a screen within the app of Team 1 asexperience provider, in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 50 illustrates the action of the fan in entering into physicalproximity of a retail location of the sponsor.

FIG. 51 illustrates the effect, in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention, of the action of the fan in moving with the fan'ssmartphone within range of the proximity-based trigger 4804.

FIG. 52 shows how the creator of the experience used a screen editor5201 to build a component of the end-user-facing portion of theexperience.

FIG. 53 shows the architecture of the Sponsorship Junction 5301, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 54 shows the sponsor interface, in accordance with an embodiment ofthe present invention, for setting a maximum price to bid for triggersfrom an experience provider.

FIG. 55 shows the sponsor's bidding interface in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 56 shows the sponsor's trigger linking interface in accordance withan embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 57 shows the structure of the Sponsor Selector in accordance withan embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 58 is a block diagram demonstrating the flow of triggers accordingto a multiplier effect using a single Sponsor Selector, in accordancewith one exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 59 is a block diagram showing set-based representations of themultiplier effect, in accordance with one exemplary embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS Definitions

As used in this description and the accompanying claims, the followingterms shall have the meanings indicated, unless the context otherwiserequires:

A “server” includes a hardware-implemented server, a cluster ofcomputers configured to operate as a hardware-implemented server, and aset of logical processes configured to perform functions associated witha hardware-implemented server.

A “set” includes at least one member.

A “brand” is a trademark or an affinity group.

An “affinity group” is a grouping of individuals having a sharedinterest, which may, for example, be (1) an interest in goods orservices from a particular source, which in turn may be identified by atrademark, (2) an interest in celebrating the birthday of a particularchild, or (3) an interest in a program of a school in rewardingperformance or participation by students in some activity, such as aspelling bee, an athletic competition, academic achievement, etc.

A “module” is a program, created using the embodiment of the presentsystem that provides a customized user brand experience. Specifically, amodule when deployed runs on the server, and portions of the module runon a device of a user have the customized brand experience. Contrastthis definition with that of the definition for “application”.

“Source code” for a program is human readable code, that, when compiledor interpreted, can be executed by a device “source code” thereforeincludes a module written in our Pebbling Language.

A “trigger message” is a message that encodes and communicates theoccurrence of an event previously defined and stored by a brand in theLogic Engine as a trigger event. The message is transmitted either (1)over a network from an Internet-connected device or server to theUniversal Event Bus 120 of FIG. 1 and thereafter to the Logic Engine 110of FIG. 1, or (2) from within the Logic Engine 110 as an inter-processmessage to another part of the Logic Engine 110. Although a first brandtypically has possession of its own trigger messages, a second brand maysubscribe to the first brand's trigger messages, in which case theresulting stream of trigger messages is said to be “sourced”. Seedefinition of “trigger”.

A “trigger” is a configuration of an apparatus to cause generation andsending of a trigger message on the occurrence of a trigger event. (See“trigger message”.) A trigger is typically configured by a brand inconnection with development of at least one module by the brand.However, once a brand has configured a set of triggers, the resultingstream of trigger messages may be made available to another brand bysubscription, in which case the resulting stream of trigger messages istermed a stream of “sourced trigger messages”.)

A “Physical Trigger” is a trigger that can be deployed in the realworld, and includes a trigger that is implemented through physicalactivity in augmented reality or virtual reality, as indicated in thenext paragraph. Physical Triggers are described in further detail below.

A “trigger-monitorable activity” is an activity wherein events in thecourse of the activity can be monitored according to machine state of arelevant set of monitoring devices, so that, among the events, a triggermay be associated with each type of event. One such trigger-monitorableactivity is a web-based electronic game. Another is wherein anindividual has traveled to a specific geolocation and confirmed thegeolocation with the individual's mobile device. Yet another includesparticipation in a virtual reality or augmented reality experience orgame, in which certain actions cause triggers to be fired. In effect, atrigger-monitorable activity is any type of activity in whichparticipation or action by an end user, can be detected by a triggercreated so that its being fired by an end-user indicates that theend-user is indeed participating in that activity or performing thataction. It is not necessary that the end-user be aware that a specifictrigger-monitorable activity is in fact being monitored by a trigger,even though the end-user might be purposefully engaged in the activity.As an example, a user may intentionally use a credit card by swiping itwhile being unaware that the swiping action also fires a trigger. Asanother example, an end-user may purchase a specific brand of beverageat a kiosk and a camera may be harnessed to a computer system by whichthe end-user is identified by facial recognition, so that the purchaseby the end-user of the specific brand of beverage may be employed as anactivity that fires a trigger. As such, any type of trigger can be usedto monitor an activity, and additional trigger-monitorable activitiesare discussed below.

An “end-user” is a consumer using any device which can send and/orreceive trigger messages created with the embodiment of the presentsystem by a brand.

A “programmable pattern” is a pattern of trigger messages that form acondition for the generation of an outcome message. A programmablepattern may be determined when the module is itself programmed orotherwise built into the Logic Engine; alternatively the programmablepattern may be defined separately from programming of the module or ofthe Logic Engine.

An “outcome message” is a message, provided as an output of a module,made available to an outcome destination client, wherein the output isconditioned on a change in end-user data pertinent to a given one of theend-users with respect to at least one brand.

An “outcome destination client” is a device coupled over a network tothe Logic Engine and configured to receive outcome messages.

“End-user data” is data, providing, for each of n end-users, a value ofeach of a set of attributes, but the data for any given end-user maylack values for some of the attributes.

A “brand representative” is an individual acting on behalf of a brand inconfiguring a customized module to provide, to a set of end-users, anoutcome message in connection with the brand.

A “module template” is the definition of a module which is notassociated with any particular end-user. By contrast, a “moduleinstance” is the product of instantiating a module template for aparticular end-user, so there can be only one template, but manyinstances of it.

The act of “minting” a module or other digital object is the process ofinstantiating an instance of that module's template.

An “audience provider” is an entity that provides events, performances,games or other environments drawing an audience, such as such a baseballteam, theme park, video game maker, movie studio, musician, cruise line,hotels, golf course, etc.

An “experience provider” is a user of an embodiment of the presenttechnology platform who embeds triggers or the ability to receivetriggers in end-user experiences which are created using the platform orindependently of it, and therefore can be understood as a “brand” thatis using an embodiment of the platform described herein.

A “conversion” occurs when a participating end-user performs an actiontargeted by sponsorship by a sponsoring brand of a set oftrigger-monitorable activities.

A “conversion trigger” is a trigger that is fired when a participatingend-user performs an action targeted by sponsorship by a sponsoringbrand of a set of trigger-monitorable activities.

An “application” is a program that is written for deployment on a devicerunning in its regular native mode.

A “device” is a machine or product, containing a CPU and memory that canexecute programs. A “mobile device” is a device that is readilyportable. A “client computer” is a “device” as defined herein. A“server” includes a server system.

A “computer process” is the performance of a described function in acomputer using computer hardware (such as a processor,field-programmable gate array or other electronic combinatorial logic,or similar device), which may be operating under control of software orfirmware or a combination of any of these or operating outside controlof any of the foregoing. All or part of the described function may beperformed by active or passive electronic components, such astransistors or resistors. In using the term “computer process” we do notnecessarily require a schedulable entity, or operation of a computerprogram or a part thereof, although, in some embodiments, a computerprocess may be implemented by such a schedulable entity, or operation ofa computer program or a part thereof. Furthermore, unless the contextotherwise requires, a “process” may be implemented using more than oneprocessor or more than one (single- or multi-processor) computer.

A “splice” is a utility program that can be incorporated, using an API,into a stand-alone application, which runs on an end-user device, inorder to configure the stand-alone application to provide a brandexperience to the end-user.

Overview

The present application concerns certain improvements to the inventiondescribed in U.S. Pat. No. 9,218,609, issued on Dec. 22, 2015, on anapplication filed Apr. 15, 2014, entitled Platform for ProvidingCustomizable Brand Experiences, which patent is incorporated herein byreference in its entirety.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of high-level system architecture of an embodimentof the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, at the highest level, thisembodiment provides a cloud-based operating system with universalInternet event bus 120 for transmitting trigger messages fromheterogeneous sources 130 to a sophisticated Logic Engine 110, operatingon a server, that executes programs called “modules” and contains moduleand end-user data. These messages are then received as inputs by themodules in order to produce outputs for a variety of end-users, stores,brands, companies, etc., thereby connecting them within a rich, new,interactive ecosystem. Because the Logic Engine 110 controls andexecutes modules, this embodiment of the present invention can be viewedas an operating system, albeit one which resides and executes thesemodules in the cloud. The Logic Engine 110 is quite different from atraditional operating system which resides and executes applications onindividual machines, and which are not necessarily evennetwork-connected. Similarly, a large component of this embodiment isits Universal Event Bus which spans the entire Internet, receivingtrigger messages from any Internet-connected device, computing andprocessing them in the Logic Engine 110 within the context of thepreviously-mentioned modules, and then optionally sending outputmessages and data 140 to any arbitrary Internet-connected devices,computers, or servers. In that sense, this embodiment can also be viewedas a communications platform. The embodiment is designed to enable aplurality of programmers to create a plurality of modules to be used bymany different end-users. The embodiment in turn provides all of thefacilities and user interfaces necessary for creating and hosting thesemodules and trigger messages, and it can therefore similarly be viewedas a programming platform for the creation of not just modules, but alsothe ecosystems in which the modules interact.

This ecosystem creation platform is in many ways much more powerful thanany previously envisioned compiler or integrated development environment(IDE). It can be used by brands, companies, stores, or even individualsto create simple but compelling applications, programs (i.e. modules),and games which can be deployed via a wide variety of devices including,but not limited to smart phones, tablet computers, laptops, desktopcomputers, smart watches, optical head-mounted displays and otherwearable computers, onboard vehicle computers, gaming platforms, and soforth. However, unlike typical IDEs which are only capable of creatingsoftware applications, the embodiment of the presently-describedplatform also creates the ecosystems in which they will operate.

For instance, present system can be used to create or augment a mobileapp as well as creating and deploying a broad set of heterogeneousreal-world triggers with which that app will interact. In that sense,this embodiment of the presently-described invention is a universalInternet event bus and programming platform, but can also be viewed as amarketing platform which is capable of tying together all existingadvertising channels. For instance, by creating and deploying triggersto a wide variety of standard advertising channels such as print,television, bus stops, billboards, radio, and digital mediums, theembodiment of this invention upgrades all traditional advertising tobecome digital and interactive, in effect creating a rich ecosystem inwhich the end-user of a brand's app can interact with that brand'ssophisticated marketing campaign that spans both cyberspace as well asthe real world.

The embodiment of the presently-described programming platform differsradically from previous and existing programming environments and IDEsin several respects described immediately below, and then in muchgreater detail later in this exposition:

1. IDE vs. Ecosystem Creation Platform: One key difference betweentraditional IDEs and this embodiment of the presently-describedinvention is that the former consist almost entirely of compilers orinterpreters, with peripheral services such as Eclipse's Androidsimulator, and Microsoft Visual Studio's Azure cloud deploymentfunctionality. These are used mostly to create, debug, test, and deploysoftware applications. By contrast, the embodiment of the presentinvention has all of this standard functionality for creating modules,but also has the ability to create the ecosystem in which these softwaremodules will be used. For instance, in one embodiment, thepresently-described platform provides a web-based programmingenvironment which can be used through any web browser. It not onlyprovides tools for the creation, deployment, and hosting of applicationsas well as their support services, but also for building the componentsof the real-world ecosystem (i.e. triggers) in which those applicationswill function. In addition, once a module has been deployed and isoperating, the platform provides the analytics tools for reporting bothvital and subtle usage details through charts, graphs, heat maps, and soon. It exposes all of these powers and functionality within one unifiedand integrated service in which the parts are joined seamlessly andefficiently. Although a portion of the present invention can also beimplemented as a stand-alone application like Microsoft Visual Studio orEclipse, the preferred embodiment is for it to be implemented as acloud-based service, providing further differentiation from existingmeans of creating programs.

Traditional programming environments and IDEs typically allow for thecreation and manipulation of applications whose inputs reside on devicessuch as desktop computers, and end-users typically interact with theseapplications while indoors, most often seated in front of these devices.More recently, the same programming environments have made it possibleto create mobile applications which are instead deployed to devices suchas smart phones, allowing end-users to run these applications outdoors.However, the predominant input mode on mobile devices is still largelyidentical to that of laptops and desktop computers in that in all ofthese cases, end-users input their wishes and commands into a screen.The means of input (e.g., keyboard vs. mouse vs. touch screen) may varygreatly, but the paradigm of inputting commands directly into agraphical user interface remains the same.

By contrast, the presently-described programming platform enables thecreation and manipulation of modules which, in addition to havingstandard graphical user interfaces, also have an additional new set ofpossible inputs called triggers. These input/interaction points are alsocreated and hosted using the embodiment of the presently-describedplatform, and they can be situated in the physical (real) world,although they can also exist on servers or in cyberspace. Previous IDEsof course also make it possible to access a device's sensors, but whatthey do not do, and what is unique to the embodiment of thepresently-described platform, is the high-level ability to easily createand deploy an entire network of heterogeneous triggers so thatprogrammers don't have to write low-level code every time they want tocreate a real-world interaction. In that sense, previous attempts toadapt traditional programming languages, compilers, and methodologies tothe new mobile world have completely failed to recognize the importanceof a mobile device's multitude of sensors in order to greatly extend theinput signals available to applications. They make it possible to accessand use a device's sensors, but they fail to bring them to the forefrontwhere it becomes easy to create and use them.

The embodiment of the present invention therefore creates a new paradigmof ecosystem-centric computing. Rather than depending on inputs beinglocated mostly within the software and hardware user elements of adevice, the embodiment of the present system is characterized by alsoeasily exposing and providing many more inputs (triggers), many of whichcan be located in the physical world. In order to get inputs from thetriggers in the physical world, the end-user interacts with them using acomputing device so that rather than end-user inputs being initiatedinternally from within the device, they exist outside of it and aretriggered externally using the device's sensors. In addition, othertypes of triggers can be located in software or in cyberspace ratherthan in the real world. This creates a universe in which modules runningon a variety of devices have vastly more and vastly richer opportunitiesfor interaction.

2. User-Friendliness: In one embodiment, the system's most unexpectedcharacteristic which differentiates it from existing programmingenvironments is its user-friendliness. This is achieved by a surprisingand radical departure from the core feature of traditional programminglanguages in that ours does not have a grammar or syntax. Standardprogramming languages, such as Java, C, C++, C#, etc. each have a syntaxdefined by a context-free grammar that can be captured using Backus-Naurform, which means that these are all text-based programming languages.By contrast, the embodiment of the presently-described new programming“language” is entirely visual, and not text-based at all. Rather thanbeing based on syntax and grammar, the presently-described language atits core is based on an entirely different concept from unrelated areaof computer science: Pebbling Games. An interested reader is referred tothe Ph.D. theses of the inventors. For example, see Applications ofGames to Propositional Proof Complexity. A. Hertel, University ofToronto, 2008, or Clause Learning, Resolution Space, & Pebbling. P.Hertel, University of Toronto, 2008. Unlike programming languages, whichcomprise their own distinct area of computer science, pebbling games arean advanced topic which come from the areas of graph theory andcomputational complexity. They are simple one-player games that aretypically used to prove logical results in these areas, and are ofinterest to us because they have two very useful properties: The firstis that they are games which are so simple that even a child can quicklyunderstand and master the rules. The second is that pebbling isimmensely powerful from a computational complexity point of view and isparticularly good at capturing the notion of state. This contrast isimportant because it goes against the typical trend in nature that powerand flexibility usually come at the expense of simplicity, but in thiscase we find them entwined together and are able to exploit thisremarkable fact by using pebbling as the basis for building a uniquegraphical programming language which is Turing-Complete.

In one embodiment of the presently-described graphical programminglanguage, the programmer uses the embodiment's web-based interface tobuild graphical diagrams that encode the workings of a computer module.The key characteristic of this new way of programming is that it isextremely visual, intuitive, and requires little or no prior training incomputer science. This stands in stark contrast with traditionalsyntax/grammar-based programming languages which require a great deal ofexpertise, education, and experience before programmers are able toachieve proficiency. In other words, using the embodiment of thepresently-described Pebbling-based Programming Language, even peoplewithout technical backgrounds can use it to create sophisticated andcompelling modules. This Pebbling Language is only one embodiment, andof course it is possible to use a more traditional language such as Java(or any other programming language) instead.

3. Additional Components: In addition to the core functionality andcharacteristics described above, the embodiment of the present systemalso contains several additions to this core functionality which aredeeply-integrated and will also be described in greater detail below. Inbrief, they are:

Sponsorship Junctions: Since the embodiment of the present system canbeen used to build rich ecosystems of applications and triggers, thequestion then becomes how to construct the most efficient ecosystems toachieve certain goals. For instance, brands might build a trigger-basedecosystem in order to create more compelling interactive experiences forcustomers using their apps. Similar ecosystems can be built in order toallow brands to sponsor people for doing normal everyday activities suchas playing video games or visiting theme parks. In this type ofrelationship, an experience provider such as a video game maker or themepark owner may wish to create a Sponsorship Junction in which this ownerdefines a number of triggers, and then invites various brands with theirapps to sponsor that event. These brands define logic that makes use ofthe incoming triggers from the game to offer sponsorship benefits in theform of rewards and in-app state changes to end-users who areparticipating in the experience. The end-user then selects his/herfavorite sponsor from those who have signed up, and receives rewardsfrom that sponsor as he/she plays the video game or goes on rides at thetheme park. Part of the Sponsorship Junction's role is to facilitate themechanics of sponsorships and rewards, linking the event's triggers toevents in a brand's app, but the other main function is to simplify therequired business development so that rather than having, say, everygame developer have to make a separate deal with every sponsor, eachentity only makes one deal with the Sponsorship Junction, therebydrastically reducing the business complexities involved. The overallembodiment of the presently-described system includes these SponsorshipJunctions and their functionalities as a sub-component.

Loyalty Points Exchange: One standard type of loyalty program involvesbrands awarding loyalty points to customers, and since thepresently-described programming language is Turing-Complete, it caneasily implement this type of program for many brands, all within thesame system. Because of this, and unlike current brand loyalty pointssystems, which are siloed from each other, the embodiment can enable newfunctionality in the form of a Loyalty Points Exchange. This is aservice which acts something like a currency exchange, except forloyalty points. For instance, an end-user might have accounts andloyalty points with both Brand 1 and Brand 2 within the embodiment ofthe present system, and wants to redeem points from Brand 1 in order toreceive some kind of reward, but doesn't quite have the required numberof points. This end-user can then convert points from Brand 2 to thoseof Brand 1 according to the system's current exchange rate in order tothen be able to afford the reward. The system does this in a way suchthat both brands as well as the end-user end up profiting from thetransaction. The overall embodiment of the present invention includes aLoyalty Points Exchange and its functionality as a sub-component.

Trigger Streams: In the same way that Twitter allows individual users tobroadcast messages, there is value in the ability for individuals orentities to broadcast triggers, and the embodiment of the presentinvention contains a sub-component enabling this functionality which wecall “Trigger Streams”. For instance, a company or information providercan use the embodiment of the present system to broadcast a stream oftriggers to which brands or other information consumers using theembodiment can subscribe, and then react to some or all of the triggersin that stream.

Detailed Architecture

FIG. 2 is a more detailed diagram of the system architecture of theembodiment of FIG. 1. Instead of showing the Universal Event Bus 120from FIG. 1, we have illustrated an embodiment of its components, namelythe presently-described system's main medium of communication, which isthe Internet 200, and various Internet connections 210, 220, 230, 240,and 250 joining the system's Logic Engine 110 to the other components ofthe system. Of these components, the system's triggers 130 werepreviously shown, whereas external servers 221, end-user devices241-244, and the System User Interface 251 were not shown in theprevious figure.

The system's Logic Engine 110 is the nerve center of the embodiment ofthe present invention and includes database tables 211 containingaccount data for one or more partners (brands, companies, individuals,etc.) who use this system. This embodiment is used to define a moduletemplate, which in turn is then used to instantiate an instance of themodule for an individual end-user. This allows different end-users'modules to be in different states. Each account contains the logic anddata for one or more modules 212 as well as end-user data 213, 214, 215for each of their end-users in the context of each module. This featuresaves the system's partners from having to host and manage all of theirown end-user data, and will also help them to decrease latency. Notethat every end-user does not necessarily have an account with everypartner, and within each partner, each end-user does not necessarilyhave data associated with every module, since every end-user might noteven have each of the modules.

The system's Logic Engine 110 is connected via the Internet to variouspartner servers 221 which are running software allowing data to beshared with the present system such that individual partner servers 222,223, and 224 are associated with their corresponding account data withinthe Logic Engine. This allows partners who for privacy or other reasonsrequire that the end-user data be stored on their own systems to workwith us.

The system Logic Engine is also connected to its Trigger Network 130.Much like module and end-user data, trigger definitions are stored witha partner's account data 211 in the system's Logic Engine. Triggers areheterogeneous in that there are many diverse types which can work invarious different ways. More information on these different triggertypes will be given later in this exposition, but their commonality isthat they all define a data message which can be sent from variousdifferent sources to the system's Logic Engine 110, where one or moremodules are registered to listen for them and in turn change state orreact to that message. Some trigger types consist largely of data andexist in the Logic Engine, with a low-tech representation such as a QRcode in the real world. When the end-user interacts with thatrepresentation, the module being run on the end-user's device causes thelogical aspect of that trigger to be found and fired. In that sense, thevisual call-to-action associated with triggers does not necessarily havea technological hardware component. However, in some cases they do, andin other cases they can exist as software on third party servers 221. Inmany cases, triggers are user-initiated, but in some they are not. Oneaspect that they all share is that they help to create the ecosystem inwhich a module 212 has many interaction points. Triggers can containmetadata such as the geolocation or IP address from where theyoriginated. They can also have restrictions on them indicating that theycannot be fired from certain locations or under certain circumstancessuch as outside of specific time windows.

The system's Logic Engine is also connected by way of the Internet 200,240 to individual end-user devices 241. These devices run applicationscreated by the system's partners, and these applications can bepartially programmed by them using traditional IDEs, but can also beentirely defined using the embodiment of the present system. In thehybrid case, we make an API available to them which can be spliced intotheir native applications 242, 243, 244 in order to run the modules 212which they created in the system's Logic Engine, and to the end-userthis will all seamlessly appear as native code. In this manner ofcreating sophisticated modules using the system and then splicing theminto their native applications, even partners without strong technicalexpertise can very easily add the system's powerful functionality totheir apps.

Finally, the system's Logic Engine is connected via the Internet 210,250 to a user-friendly graphical interface 251 running in a web browseron an ordinary computer 252. This user interface has different accesslevels and is used to control all aspects of the system's Logic Engine.For instance, it is used to define modules as well as triggers, launchthem, provide analytics data regarding their usage, and so on.

System User Interface

The system's Pebbling-based Programming Language is best describedtogether with its user interface. FIG. 3 is a representation of adisplay presenting a main user interface menu for use by a brandrepresentative with an embodiment, such as that of FIG. 1, of thepresent invention. In various embodiments, the main user interface isaccessible through any standard web browser 252, but is readilyimplemented by other means, such as a stand-alone application. Thesystem of this embodiment contains standard user account management andlogin facilities 300 which implement common functionality and thereforedon't require further exposition.

In one embodiment, the system uses an extreme version of object-orientedprogramming in which a programmer creates self-contained atomic objects340 such as Modules 310, Triggers 320, and Variables 330, which arerespectively shown as squares, hexagons, and circles in this view. Thesystem also supports many other types of objects which are not shown,such as, but not limited to receivers. The system has facilities fordefining the scope and visibility of each object.

Each of these objects performs a different function, and objects ofsimilar type are grouped together, arranged in horizontal bands. Inorder to create one of these objects, the programmer clicks on acreation button 350 located in the appropriate band, at which point awizard walks that programmer through steps appropriate to the creationof the object for that band, requesting information when necessary.

Although these objects are created independently and areself-encapsulated, they act as building blocks, which can be combinedand used by other objects. For instance, as has already been describedin previous sections, Triggers 320 form the ecosystem of inputs throughwhich the final modules(s) created within an account using theembodiment of this system will interact. First they are createdindependently, and then they are referenced by the modules(s).Similarly, Variables 330 act very much like variables in typicalprogramming languages and have types such as integers, Booleans,strings, dates, and so on. Much like Triggers, Variables are firstcreated independently, and then referenced by the modules(s). Receiverscan similarly be created independently and then be referenced bymodules. The purpose of receivers is to allow a module to register tolisten for specific triggers.

Modules 310 are the most important and complicated objects in thesystem, and as already mentioned, they are the system's equivalent ofprograms. They are created within the present embodiment of the systemand then deployed to end-user devices such as smart phones, tablets, webpages, and so on. Modules are the entities within the system that areprogrammed using the system's Pebbling Language, or some otherequivalently expressive programming language. In order to program amodule using the system's Pebbling Language, a programmer clicks on thesquare icon of a module and opens the Module Editor. The system'sPebbling Language is based on state-diagrams, and pebbles are placed onthese diagrams in order to record which state the modules written usingthis language are in.

FIG. 4 is a representation of a display presenting a user interface(here in blank), for use by a brand representative, in accordance withan embodiment of the present invention for a visual editor for creatinga module for use in the embodiment of FIG. 2. This Module Editor allowsa programmer to define the details of a module using an embodiment ofthe system's Pebbling Language or, in other embodiments usingnon-traditional programming languages. Regardless of which programminglanguage is used, it can be implemented as being interpreted by thesystem or compiled, with the explicit understanding of the system'simplementers that an interpreted version would probably be easier toengineer, but that a compiled version would probably produce moduleswhich execute faster. This editor has access to and makes use ofpreviously-created objects such as Triggers and Variables which are inthe same scope as the module being edited.

The Module Editor is a mouse-driven graphical user interface whichimplements an editor for creating pebbling state diagrams. It contains agridded canvas 400 on which the programmer places different componentsin order to create a state diagram. The canvas has standard controls onthe lower left corner such as a zoom slider 401 and a full-screen modetoggle 402.

In order to create pebbling state diagram components, the programmeruses the controls in floating edit menu 410. These controls includestandard tools such as a grabber 411, which is used to grab and scrollthe canvas using the mouse as well as a selection tool 412 which is usedto select an existing component. This menu also includes an undo tool413 for undoing the last action performed, and a redo tool 414 forundoing an undo.

Below those tools we find the tools for creating the components of thepebbling state diagram. The node creation tool 415 is used to place ageneric pebbling node anywhere on the canvas. It has a dropdown menuwhich allows the programmer to first select a specific rather than ageneric type of node to place. Next we find an edge creation tool 416which is used to create a standard edge between two or more nodes. Itsdropdown menu acts similarly to the one previously mentioned, and allowsthe programmer to create a specific type of edge rather than a genericone. Finally, below this we have a group creation tool 417, which isused to create a default group out of two or more nodes. It also has adropdown menu, allowing the programmer to select a specific type ofgroup to be created.

These three types of components—nodes, edges, and groups—constitute themain building blocks of a pebbling state diagram, and after they arecreated, their properties can be changed by using the edit tool 418. Howthese components function together in order to create a module will bedescribed in greater detail below in FIG. 5.

The final tool in the edit menu is a template selector tool which allowsthe programmer to quickly and easily create useful common pebble statediagram patterns in order to save time.

The Module Editor's floating view menu 420 is used to change the view ofthe pebbling state diagram. For instance, 421 is the component listview, and clicking on it will open a dialog box which provides aninteractive list of all of the existing components. Below that we havethe grid view controls 422, which allow the programmer to toggle thegrid on and off, change grid spacing, toggle snap-to-grid functionality,and so on. Next we find the layer tool 423, which is used to create andselect layers in the editor so that the programmer can better organizethe components being created. Each component has a z-order field, whichcan also be used for the purpose of hiding components within the layertool's controls. Finally we have the image toggle tool 424, which isused to toggle Image Nodes to show and hide the images that theycontain.

FIG. 5 is a representation of a display presenting the visual editor ofFIG. 4, here showing creation of a state diagram of the module of FIG. 4with several components. For instance, in accordance with standard graphtheory practice, nodes are shown as circles 500. There are many types ofnodes, and they contain an icon 501 showing the node's type. In thisinstance, it is a Multi-Attribute Node with both start and imageproperties, which means that a pebble will be placed on it as soon asthe program (module) is run, and that it contains an image which will bedisplayed in the end-user's device once that pebble is placed. Nodes canbe given names, which appear below them 502. State Nodes 503, which donot perform any function other than to create intermediate states forholding pebbles, are another type of node. Similarly, System TriggerNodes 504 fire a trigger when a pebble lands on them, and Image Nodes505 display an image in the end-user's device when they are pebbled.When pebbled, prize Nodes 506 mint prizes for the end-user. There aremany other types of nodes which will be described later.

Edges 510 constitute the second major class of components which make uppebbling state diagrams, and they form the paths along which pebbles maymove from node to node. Edges always lead to at least one node, andtheir point of origin may be a node or a group. Edges may lead to morethan one node, as is the case with edge 511, which splits into three.The split is based on a probability, which is illustrated by the icon512 at its split point. When a pebble moves down this edge, it has acertain probability 513 of taking any one of the three paths. Inaddition to probability edges 511, the system also has other types ofsplit edges, which will be described later.

Edges may have receivers 520 associated with them. Receivers capture themessages which are sent by triggers, and they contain icons indicatingthe type of trigger to which they are bound. A receiver capturing amessage from a trigger is the impetus which causes a pebble to moveacross the edge with which it is associated. Receivers on edges aretherefore the mechanism that ties the Pebbling Programming Language tothe system's external triggers out in the real (as well as virtual)world, and they are what cause pebbles to move and to change in state.An edge may also have no receivers on it, in which case a pebble willsimply move across that edge as soon as it arrives at the nodeconstituting the edge's start point. Edges may also have variableconditions 530 associated with them. These allow the programmer todefine additional conditions based on previously-created variables whichmust be satisfied before a pebble can move along that edge. So, forinstance, it is possible for a receiver on an edge to capture a messagefrom a trigger, but for the pebble at its start point not to movebecause the variable condition on that edge has not yet been met.Similarly, it is possible for a pebble to arrive at an edge without areceiver on it but not cross it since its variable condition has not yetbeen met.

The final type of component in this embodiment of the system's PebblingProgramming Language is a group 540. Groups contain two or more nodes,and can have two conditions on them. The first is the group condition542, which defines how many nodes in the group must have pebbles on themin order for the group to be satisfied. In this case, the groupcondition is an “AND”, which means that the group is satisfied only whenall nodes in the group have pebbles on them. Other types of groupconditions include “OR”, which means that the group is satisfied whenany one of the nodes in the group has a pebble on it, and yet anothertype of group condition is a threshold, in which, say, any two out ofthe three nodes would have to have pebbles on them in order to besatisfied. Other types of group conditions are described later. Inaddition to group conditions, groups can also have variable conditions541 on them which perform the same function as variable conditions onedges 530, as well as edges leaving them 560.

Located at the bottom of the Pebbling State Editor screen is a button550, which starts the system's Simulator.

The Simulator's purpose is to provide the programmer with a means ofrunning and testing a module that was created using the PebblingLanguage. FIG. 6 is a representation of a display presenting a userinterface (here, in blank), in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention, for a simulator for testing and running a modulecreated using the editor of FIG. 4. In many ways, the Simulatorresembles the Pebbling State Editor from FIGS. 4 and 5, and is dividedinto three panes. The center pane contains the same gridded canvas 400,as well as all pebbling state diagram components on that canvas inprecisely the same configuration that they were arranged in the editor.It similarly contains zoom 401 and full-screen 402 controls.

The Simulator screen additionally contains two other panes. On the leftis the Triggers pane 640 which provides an interactive list of alltriggers which are associated with any receivers within the pebblingstate diagram. The right-hand pane 600 contains the actual Simulatorscreen and controls. At the top are Simulator options 610 which allowthe programmer to select a fake test user for this simulation and toperform all relevant actions on that end-user such as resetting theuser's data, create another fake user, and so on. In the center of theSimulator pane we find the preview area 620, which is dedicated toproviding a graphical software simulation of a device such as a mobilesmart phone or tablet 621. This simulated screen will show the runningmodule, and preview exactly what an end-user with a real device wouldsee if the module were deployed in earnest. Below this we find a menu622 for selecting from many different devices and screen resolutions sothat the module can be tested exhaustively on all hardware that isrelevant to the market at that time. Next, we find the actual Simulatorcontrols 630, which allow the programmer to proceed through thecomputational steps of the module by resetting, stepping through, orstepping over the sequence of pebble movements relevant to the executionof the module, as is common in standard compilers. In addition, theSimulator allows the programmer to drag and drop pebbles to set up thestate diagram in any desired configuration. Finally, the button in thebottom right-hand corner of the screen 650 lets the programmer end thesimulation and return to the editor.

FIG. 7 is a representation of a display presenting the user interface ofFIG. 6, wherein the Simulator is running a specific module, in aparticular state, created using the system's editor, and FIG. 8 is arepresentation of a display presenting the user interface of FIG. 6,wherein the system's Simulator is running the same module as in FIG. 7except that it has progressed to a different state. Since the middlepane of the Simulator is smaller than the editor canvas, part of thePebbling State Diagram is cut off. The Simulator starts by placing apebble 700, 701 onto each Start Node. If a pebble is on an Image Node,then that image will be displayed in the Simulator. Node A is both aStart Node as well as an Image Node, and it contains a “game board”graphic 730, which is displayed in the Simulator because pebble 700 ison it. The way this simple game works is that it requires the end-userto complete three actions (a codeword entry, a physical check-in, and aFacebook like), and for each action, the end-user will receive a checkmark on his/her game board. These check marks will be displayed on thegame board in the squares labeled “1”, “2”, and “3”. These check markgraphics are respectively contained in Image Nodes I, K, and M. In orderto test whether the module is working correctly, the programmer cansimulate trigger events and then watch the Simulator to see if thedesired graphical reaction has occurred, so for instance, he/she mightwant to make sure that the end-user will receive a check mark in square731 for performing a codeword entry. This should happen if pebble 701travels to node I, and the edge between them has the codeword receiver710 on it which is associated with trigger 720. The programmer thereforeclicks on trigger 720, which simulates that trigger event.

The results of this action are shown in FIG. 8. Pebble 701 has moved tonode I, thereby causing check mark 800 to appear on the game board. Theremaining components of the module are tested in a similar manner, withthe programmer clicking on triggers, which in turn gives nodes theimpetus to move. The programmer then views the Simulator to make surethat the desired result has occurred, therefore verify that it will alsooccur in the end-user's application.

Device User Interface

Ultimately, embodiments of the present invention, with their triggersand Pebbling Language, have one main purpose: To create applicationsthat can be deployed to the devices of end-users. These may bestand-alone applications, or they can come in the form of utilityprograms that can be spliced into existing stand-alone applicationsusing an API. We refer to these utility programs as “Splices”.

We have already seen the system's Simulator, which allows programmers totest and debug their modules written using the system's PebblingLanguage. In addition to the Simulator, the system provides another toolfor debugging called the “Sandbox App”. The Sandbox App is a nativeapplication which can run on an end-user's device. It is meant fordebugging or demonstrating a module written using the system's PebblingLanguage in the same type of environment that an end-user will use theapplication. Whereas the Simulator is a virtual device and has virtualtriggers which are clicked using a mouse, the Sandbox App operates on areal device interacting with real triggers. For instance, the SandboxApp can run on a smart phone, and allow the end-user to interact withphysical, real-world triggers. The system can therefore deploy moduleswritten with its Pebbling Language to physical devices in threedifferent ways: (1) Being run by the native Sandbox App, (2) as astand-alone application, and (3) as a splice in an existing application.

In all of these cases, the application contains functionality forinteracting with triggers, and this ability is shown in FIG. 9, which isa diagram illustrating high-level communication architecture of anembodiment of the present invention, for use with an embodiment such asshown in FIG. 2, including a non-exhaustive list of the system's triggertypes. The end-user's device 910 running an application created usingthe system interacts with triggers from trigger set 130 using a userinterface 901, and that interaction is sent to the system's Logic Engine110 via its event bus. This message contains all of the relevantinformation required to uniquely identify the trigger with which theend-user interacted. The Logic Engine receives this message anddetermines which module is listening for it. Once a relevant module hasbeen identified, the Logic Engine 110 determines which edge or edgesshould receive it, and then causes the appropriate pebbles to move andmodule state to change. There are many different types of triggers,several of which are low-tech and have no Internet connectivity orability to communicate directly with the Logic Engine. In these cases,the successful trigger interaction is reported back to the Logic Enginedirectly from the app 910 using channel 902, which is often over theInternet. In other cases, the trigger itself is sophisticated enough andhas its own ability to report an interaction directly to the LogicEngine 110 over channel 903, also often over the Internet. In thisdescription, the end-user's app has been running on a mobile device, butthis example is not meant to be limiting, as this can just as easilyhave been a different device such as a desktop computer.

An important point of note is that the system is able to deploy animmensely diverse range of triggers. It is useful for all triggers tohave some visual similarity to each other, and in this case they areshown as hexagons, although this is not strictly necessary.

Some of the triggers can be deployed through physical activity in thereal world or in augmented reality or virtual reality. These “PhysicalTriggers” include, but are not limited to: (a) Vision triggers 1110,which are recognized using a device's camera, (b) Geo triggers 1200,which are recognized using a device's GPS, (c) NFC triggers 1300, whichare recognized by a device's near-field communications sensors, d)Codeword triggers 1400, which are recognized when an end-user types acertain string into the device, (e) Peer-To-Peer triggers 1500, whichare recognized when an end-user interacts with another end-user'sdevice, (f) Sound Recognition triggers 1600, which are recognized by adevice's microphone, (g) Proximity triggers 1700, which activate when anend-user comes within a specific range of a location, person, or otherobject, (h) augmented reality triggers, which are activated by realphysical activity performed in relation to an augmented realityexperience or game and (i) virtual reality triggers, which are activatedby real physical activity performed in relation to a virtual realityexperience or game. Triggers need not contain any high technology suchas a CPU, and in some cases they are as simple as ink on paper.

The system can also deploy several “Third Party Triggers”, which make itpossible to integrate with existing social media platforms. Theseinclude, but are not limited to: (a) YouTube triggers 1810, which arerecognized when an end-user watches a particular YouTube video, (b)Facebook triggers 1910, which are recognized when an end-user likes orfollows a particular person, brand, or other entity on Facebook, (c)Google Plus triggers 2000, which are recognized when an end-user+1s,follows, or adds a particular person, brand, or other entity to a circleon the Google Plus platform, (d) Twitter triggers 2110, which arerecognized when an end-user tweets a particular message or follows aparticular person, brand, or other entity on Twitter, and (e) Custom APItriggers 919. These are a particularly powerful type of trigger whichconsist of code that can be run anywhere such as a server, making itpossible for any business to start sending trigger events to thesystem's Logic Engine. The system also supports an additionalimplementation of the system's custom triggers without the use of an APIin that any Internet-connected device can send a trigger event to thepresent system using an HTTP POST message which encodes triggerinformation which uniquely identifies it, along with its data andparameters.

Finally, the Logic Engine 110 also contains several internal “SystemTriggers” which make it possible to send trigger events that are not adirect result of an end-user interaction. For example, these include,but are not limited to: (a) Variable Change triggers 920, which firewhen the value of one or more variables change or reach specificthresholds, (b) Pebble-Initiated triggers 921, which fire when a pebblelands on a specific node, and (c) Timer triggers 922 which fire at aspecific time. One type of system trigger that is a response to anend-user interaction is the In-App Click Trigger 923, which fires whenan end-user interacts with a UI element in the app such as a button.

The trigger system is completely flexible and extensible, so that anyfuture triggers 924 can be easily added without a great deal of effort.For instance, it would be a trivial matter to include virtual reality oraugmented reality triggers in which an end-user's avatar, or theend-user him/herself can walk into a graphical representation of atrigger in a virtual world or augmented reality scene, and thereby causeit to fire. In one sense, because of their immense flexibility, theCustom API triggers can be used to implement any future trigger,although the system can also be upgraded to contain specific new types.

All of these diverse triggers create a universe around the Logic Engine.The Logic Engine is used to create and deploy modules as well astriggers, and then the triggers create the ecosystem in which thosemodules will be used. Because the triggers are heterogeneous, this isvery powerful because they can be deployed in all genres of advertising.All types of triggers may have metadata associated with them indicatingthe geolocation or IP address from where they originated, informationabout the identity of the person or entity that fired the trigger, thetime at which they were fired, and so on. When defining triggers, it isalso possible to place restrictions upon them such as geographic areasin which they can or can't be fired, time windows inside (or outside) ofwhich they can or can't be fired, and so on. These restrictions areuseful for entities such as national brands, who only want triggers tobe usable in a particular state or country or during certain hours torender them inoperable outside of those regions or times. The system canalso have many other types of metadata and restrictions imposed on itstriggers, and these examples are not meant to be limiting.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating how the heterogeneous Trigger Network,of the embodiment of FIG. 9, allows it to integrate with existingheterogeneous ad networks. At the center, we have the system 1000including its Logic Engine 110. Around it on the image labeled 1010, wehave an ecosystem of triggers. On the outermost ring 1020 are all of theheterogeneous ad network genres that marketers currently use to reachthe public. This includes out-of-home advertising 1021 such asbillboards and bus stops, television 1022, print advertising 1023,digital advertising 1024, film 1025, and radio 1026. Appropriatetriggers can be embedded in compatible advertising in order to upgradeall traditional low-tech ad networks to become digitally interactive.Previously, the only thing tying together these siloed ad networksacross a marketing campaign has been thematic, and there has beenvirtually no technology connecting them. By contrast, this systemcreates a layer of technology across all ad networks. In that sense,this system constitutes a marketing network which ties together all ofthe existing ad networks.

Because they are heterogeneous, the various triggers require differentend-user interface configurations and actions on the part of theend-user;

FIG. 11 is a diagram including a representation of a display presentinga mobile user interface, for use by an end-user, in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention, for interacting with a visualtrigger that is also represented in the diagram. The end-user sees aprint advertisement 1100 with a vision trigger 1110 on it. The end-userthen launches the relevant app, and selects this type of trigger from amenu on his/her mobile device 910, which shows a feed from the device'scamera. The end-user aligns the vision trigger shown in the camera feedwith the center of the device's screen, at which point it automaticallytakes a picture 1120, and sends the appropriate message along thesystem's event bus to report that the trigger has been fired. This willcause changes such as pebble movement in the Logic Engine, and anyresulting graphical changes in the module will be shown on theend-user's screen. It is important to note that a vision trigger is notlimited to QR codes, but rather can also make use of any type of imagethat can be uniquely identified by computer vision technology.

FIG. 12 is a diagram including a representation of a display presentinga mobile user interface, for use by an end-user, in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention, for interacting with a geo-locationtrigger that is also represented in the diagram. In the system's userinterface for creating triggers, a programmer creates a geo trigger 1200with radius 1201 on a map 1230. The end-user of this module uses his/herdevice 910, launches the appropriate app, and selects the geo triggertype from a menu. This shows a map 1210 to the end-user and points outwhere nearby triggers such as trigger 1200 can be located. Using theinteractive map as a guide, the end-user then physically visits thelocation of this trigger, and once he/she is within radius 1201, abutton 1220 becomes visible or usable, allowing the end-user to interactwith this trigger. This sends an event along the system's event bus toits Logic Engine, which responds as before.

FIG. 13 is a diagram including a representation of a mobile userinterface, for use by an end-user, in accordance with an embodiment ofthe present invention, for interacting with a near-field communication(NFC) trigger. The end-user sees a print advertisement 1100, possibly ona wall or in a bus shelter with an NFC trigger 1300 on it. On theopposite side of the poster, hidden from view, is an NFC tag that hasbeen programmed with the relevant data to enable the trigger. Theend-user brings his/her NFC-enabled device 910 close enough to thetrigger/tag, at which point an NFC burst transmission 1310, occurs,sending the data from the tag to the device, which then relays it viathe system's event bus to the Logic Engine. The system then responds asbefore.

FIG. 14 is a diagram including a representation of a display presentinga mobile user interface, for use by an end-user, in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention, for interacting with a codewordtrigger. The end-user sees an advertisement 1100 containing a codewordtrigger 1400, which itself contains codeword 1440. The end-user launchesthe appropriate app on his/her device 910, selects the codeword triggerinterface 1410, types codeword 1440 into text field 1420, and thenpresses button 1430. This sends the appropriate trigger event along thesystem's event bus to its Logic Engine, which responds appropriately.

FIG. 15 is a diagram including a representation of a display presentinga mobile user interface, for use by an end-user, in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention, for interacting with a peer-to-peer(P2P) trigger, which is initiated by having two or more end-users, eachwith a device 910. One end-user launches the relevant app and selects toinitiate a peer-to-peer share from the menu. The remaining end-user orend-users also launch their copies of the app on their devices, andselect to receive a peer-to-peer share from the menu. The end-users thenperform a specific action 1500 (if required) while standing together.This can be implemented in many ways, such as bumping devices (whichuses the devices' accelerometers), an NFC tap (using the devices' NFCsensors), geo-location (using the devices' GPS facilities), Bluetooth(which has a range of at least 32 feet), or any other reasonable meansof assuring that phones are co-located. This action sends one (or more,if there are more people) peer-to-peer trigger events along the system'sevent bus to its Logic Engine, which responds appropriately.

FIG. 16 is a diagram including a representation of a display presentinga mobile user interface, for use by an end-user, in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention, for interacting with a soundrecognition trigger. The end-user hears an advertisement on television,in a movie, on the radio, or from some other source indicating that asound trigger is present. The end-user then launches the appropriate appon his/her device 910, and selects sound recognition from the menu. Theapp then shows a screen 1620 indicating that it is listening. It recordsand analyzes the sound 1610 that is coming from the advertisement. Thissound may be in the audible, sub-audible, or even super-audible range.The end-user's application sends the appropriate trigger event along thesystem's event bus to its Logic Engine, which responds appropriately.

FIG. 17 is a diagram including a representation of a display presentinga mobile user interface, for use by an end-user, in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention, for reporting interaction with aproximity trigger. Proximity triggers are similar to geo-locationtriggers, except that the actual point of interaction isn't necessarilystationary, since it can be centered on a device, including those ofother end-users. As with the geo-location trigger, a programmer createsa proximity trigger using the system's trigger editor, in which he/sheselects a location 1700 on a map 1730, or a device on which theproximity location will be centered. In the case of the proximitytrigger being located on a device, this allows the programmer to create“hot potato”-type games where end-users are shown on the map, and a gametoken changes hands when an end-user comes too close to an “infected”player. In either case, the programmer defines the radius 1701 aroundthe proximity trigger. In order to see a proximity trigger, an end-userloads an appropriate app on device 910 and uses the appropriate in-appbuttons and navigation to find the proximity screen 1710 which shows amap together with one or more proximity triggers. This trigger may fireautomatically when the end-user steps within the radius 1701, or it mayrequire an action, such as button 1720 to occur. Once the trigger isfired, an appropriate event is sent along the system's event bus to itsLogic Engine, which responds appropriately.

The next group of triggers is important because they allow the presentsystem to be integrated with existing social media channels. We shalluse YouTube, Facebook, Google Plus, and Twitter as examples, but theseby no means constitute an exhaustive list of compatible third parties.The purpose of these triggers is for them to be fired when an end-userinteracts with these third party services in the regular way. Theend-user experience for interacting with these third-parties isillustrated in FIGS. 18, 19, 20, and 21, and the pattern in all cases isvery similar. FIG. 18 is a diagram including a representation of adisplay presenting a mobile user interface, for use by an end-user, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention, for interactingwith a YouTube trigger. FIG. 19 is a diagram including a representationof a display presenting a mobile user interface, for use by an end-user,in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, forinteracting with a Facebook trigger. FIG. 20 is a diagram including arepresentation of a display presenting a mobile user interface, for useby an end-user, in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention, for interacting with a Google+ trigger, and FIG. 21 is adiagram including a representation of a display presenting a mobile userinterface, for use by an end-user, in accordance with an embodiment ofthe present invention, for interacting with a Twitter trigger. Forinstance, an end-user may see an advertisement 1100 in the real world,online, or in an app which contains a third party trigger 1810, 1910,2010, 2110, together with a call to action 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100 thatexplains to the end-user what the advertiser would like him/her to do.In the case of YouTube, this might be to get the end-user to watch anonline video. For Facebook, this might be to get the end-user to Like orfollow the advertiser on that platform. For Google Plus, this might beto get the end-user to +1, follow, or add the advertiser to a circle.Finally, for Twitter, this might be to get the end-user to follow theadvertiser or tweet a message containing a specific phrase or hashtag.In all of these cases, the end-user uses his/her mobile device 910 tointeract with the relevant social media platform, which can happen intwo major ways. The first way is through the advertiser's app, whichcontains the present system's API and functionality. The end-userperforms the required action 1820, 1920, 2020, 2120 in this app, whichfires the corresponding third-party trigger, sending an appropriateevent along the system's event bus to its Logic Engine, which respondsas before.

Alternatively, this action can be performed in the relevant social mediacompany's app or website, in which case the present system must knowthat a specific end-user performed that specific action, and then makesure that the correct end-user receives the benefit of the ensuingtrigger event. The system can identify the end-user in question becausethe end-user has previously entered his/her identifying information orcredentials from the relevant social media platform into his/herinstance of the advertiser's application. The system then learns thatthe end-user has performed the desired action, and this can be done inthree ways: 1) By implementing an API from the social media platformwhich specifically performs this service, 2) By working with the socialmedia platform to implement an API from the present system on their endwhich performs this service, or 3) (When appropriate) by using othermeans such as monitoring social media channels or otherwise “scraping”Internet data and firing the appropriate event when the desired end-userhas performed the desired action.

FIG. 22 is a diagram including a representation of a display presentinga mobile user interface, for use by an end-user, in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention, for reporting interaction with acustom API or custom HTTP POST trigger. This aspect is possibly thesystem's most flexible and powerful type of trigger, and it is soflexible, powerful, and versatile because it is a piece of code that canbe placed on any machine, including a brand's server 221, a smart T.V.2200, a video game console 2201, a hotel or airline reservation system,any web page, or any other computer or device which is connected to theInternet 2202. This trigger's purpose is to generate events from anyarbitrary third party system, which can then travel to the system'sLogic Engine and provide an input to a module created using the presentsystem. In some cases, these triggers are not fired in direct responseto an end-user's action, but rather to some other occurrence, such asthe weather changing or a sports team winning a game. However, in othercases, such as the one depicted in FIG. 22, the trigger is fired indirect response to what the end-user is doing. For instance, an end-usermay be using a device such as a smart television 2200, a game console2201, website, or computer game 2202 which has implemented the presentsystem's custom API or custom HTTP POST trigger. The end-user hasprovided his credentials to this device as well as an applicationprogrammed using an embodiment of the system's Pebbling Language runningon device 910, therefore allowing the system to conclude that it is thesame end-user using both. The end-user interacts with a device andperforms some action or achieves some goal which fires a trigger. Thisdevice may report 2210 that this action has been noted, for instance byindicating that he/she has received 100 points from the brand thatcreated the application running on device 910. The end-user's phone thenbuzzes, and the brand's application reports 2220 that he/she has earned100 points. This cross-pollination between systems forms the basis forsponsorship of normal activities, such as a brand sponsoring a videogame player for playing games, and receiving rewards when certainachievements are attained. It also provides the basis for second-screenadvertising, rewards, and loyalty programs in an unobtrusive way whichdoesn't interrupt the end-user's activity on his/her primary screen.

FIGS. 9-22 illustrated the device end-user interfaces for interactingwith the system's many types of triggers. It is important to note thatthese triggers are simply examples, and the system's architecture isfully extensible, allowing for more triggers to be easily added, and inall cases, these trigger interfaces reflect the end-user experience inthe system's Sandbox App, as well as any standalone app or splicecreated using the system.

However, trigger interfaces are only one type of screen that the systemcan create and deploy to different devices. Another important type ofscreen that can be created and deployed is the pebbling module screen. Apebbling module screen's purpose is to allow an end-user to interactwith a module created using the system's Pebbling Language within anapplication that has been deployed to the end-user's device. FIG. 23 isa diagram including representations of displays presenting mobile userinterfaces, for use by an end-user, but showing such representations asa result of running the module of FIGS. 6 and 7 in a sandboxapplication, as a stand-alone application, or as a splice in accordancewith an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the module's outputdisplay is identical to that from the Simulator. At the start of theinteraction in FIG. 23, the game board 730 does not have a check mark onsquare 731. The end-user then interacts with codeword trigger 1410,types in the code “ABC123” and hits the “Send” button. This is analogousto clicking on corresponding trigger 720 in FIG. 7, except that in thiscase, the trigger event is real and not in the Simulator. This triggerevent causes the relevant pebbles to move within the Logic Engine, andin FIG. 23 we see that the check mark 800 has appeared, just as in theSimulator of FIG. 8. Note that even when the module has been deployed toa real hardware device as in this case, the programmer can still watchthe pebbles moving in the system's Simulator in real time as thedevice's end-users interact with triggers.

In addition to trigger interface and pebbling module screens, whichthemselves can be easily skinned and otherwise customized, the systemalso provides facilities such as user interfaces and wizards for easilycreating many other types of customizable application screens, therebygreatly reducing the amount of time and effort required to create auseful application. These application screens are grouped together andcomprise an application by defining them as well as how to navigatebetween them in the system's web-based editors. This allows a programmerto create a fully-functional application (or several screens to beinserted as a splice into a fully-functional application) without anyadvanced formal programming skills, and almost entirely using thepresent system. Once an application is thus defined, it can be deployedto the Simulator, the Sandbox App, as a splice, or as a stand-aloneapplication. These steps are shown in FIG. 24, which is a diagramillustrating testing and development options available to a brandrepresentative in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention. The programmer uses the system's web-based or stand-alonegraphical user interface to create objects that are stored and processedby the system's Logic Engine 101. As we saw in FIG. 3, this includesmodules, triggers, and variables, and in FIG. 24 we expand this list toinclude app screens and applications. The system has many pre-definedscreens, each with an editor and/or wizard 2400, 2401, 2402 to aid inits creation. The programmer uses these editors to respectively createapp screens 2410, 2411, 2412, and then uses another editor/wizard tocombine them into an app. App screen editors can be used to createtrigger interfaces, pebbling module screens, and many other types ofcustom screens which can be customized with different colors, backgroundgraphics, text, fonts, and so on. With this system it is possible tocreate applications that don't contain a module written in the system'sPebbling Language or any other language serving the same purpose, butthe most powerful and useful applications that it builds will almostcertainly contain pebbling module screens so as to surface thesepowerful custom programs to end-users.

Once an application has been created, it can be deployed along one ofthree paths: (1) Along path 2420 to the system's Simulator 2421, whichwill allow the programmer to access and debug the module's screens andtriggers, (2) Along path 2430 to the system's Sandbox App 2431, whichwill allow the programmer to access, debug, and demonstrate the module'sscreens on a real hardware device and interact with real triggers, and3) Along path 2440 as a stand-alone application or application splicewhich has been included in a 3^(rd) party app via the system's spliceAPI; this is the system's way of launching a module in earnest once itis ready for production. Note that modules created using the LogicEngine's Pebbling Language editor are simply software that can bedeployed to any device or Simulator that can run them.

These different ways of debugging, testing, demonstrating, and deployingan application built using its interface forms a natural “developmentpipeline”, and is shown in FIG. 25, which is a flow diagram illustratinga typical order of testing and development through which a brandrepresentative develops a module for use in an embodiment of the presentinvention. First, an application is created in Logic Engine 101. Once itis ready to be tested, the user deploys it 2500 to the Simulator 2421,where it is tested and debugged. Once it is ready to be tested on realhardware with real triggers, it is deployed 2501 to the Sandbox App2431. Finally, after its programmers and testers are confident that itis ready for production, it is launched 2502 as a stand-aloneapplication or as a splice in a 3^(rd) party app 2441.

Pebbling Language Details

FIGS. 4-8 illustrated the programmer's user experience surrounding theuse of the system's State Diagram Editor and Simulator, as well as thefundamentals of how the system's Pebbling Language works. However, itonly showed a limited number of language elements, so the purpose ofthis section is to describe the Pebbling Language in more detail,through FIGS. 26-30, described below.

FIG. 26 is a diagram illustrating the main components of what we term“Pebbling Language”, namely nodes, edges, and groups, used in writingsource code that defines the module of FIGS. 7 and 8, in accordance withan embodiment of the present invention. The Pebbling Language componentsinclude nodes 2600, edges 2610, and groups 2620. Nodes 2601 are circularand contain an icon inside depicting the node's type. The language'smany node types are described below and illustrated in FIG. 27, which isa diagram showing a non-exhaustive compilation of the PebblingLanguage's node types, in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention. Nodes can be given names 502 which are displayed below them.

Edges 511 connect one node 2611 to one or more nodes and constitute thepaths over which pebbles may move. In this case, the edge is a splitedge which leads to nodes 2612, 2613, and 2614. Alternatively, insteadof starting at a node, an edge's start point may be a group. If an edgeleads to more than one node, it can have a type 512 which is located atthe split point and shown as an icon in a circle. These edge types aredescribed in more detail below and shown in FIG. 28, which is a diagramshowing a non-exhaustive compilation of the Pebbling Language's edgetypes, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Inthis case it is a probability edge, with the chances of the nodetraveling along any one fork in the edge shown as probabilities 513. Inaddition, edges can have trigger receivers 520 and can also havevariable conditions 530 on them, both of which are round. The triggerreceivers have icons in them indicating the type of trigger with whichthey are associated. An edge does not need to have a receiver nor avariable condition on it. If both are present, then the variablecondition must be satisfied when a trigger is received in order for apebble to move. If the variable condition is not satisfied and thetrigger is received, then the pebble on node 2611 does not move butrather must wait for another trigger to be received. If both thereceiver and variable condition are absent, then any pebble whicharrives on node 2611 will immediately move. If only the receiver ispresent, then the pebble will move as soon as a trigger is received, andfinally, if only the variable condition is present, then the pebble willmove as soon as that condition is satisfied.

Groups 540 contain two or more nodes 2621, 2622. Like edges, groups havetypes 542 as well as variable conditions 541, which are both also shownas circles. Like edges, the variable condition on a group is optional. Agroup's purpose is to create a group of nodes in which one or more mustbe pebbled according to the group's type in order for that group to besatisfied. A group's possible types are illustrated in FIG. 30 anddescribed below. A group has one or more edges leaving it, and when agroup is satisfied, then the pebble(s) in the group are ready to movealong these edges to their destination nodes. In that sense, groups actvery much like nodes. Any edge leaving a group may have a receiverand/or variable condition on it, but the group itself may also have avariable condition on it adding further constraints, and a group is notsatisfied until both its main type condition as well as its variablecondition are satisfied. If either of these is not the case, thenpebbles will not move from the group.

Both nodes as well as groups can be set to retain their pebbles or not.If they retain their pebbles, then instead of moving, any pebble on themis first duplicated, and the duplicate is then moved. Otherwise, thepebbles themselves move without duplication, leaving the nodes that theycame from empty, without pebbles on them.

FIG. 27 illustrates some examples of an embodiment of the system'sPebbling Language's many node types, all of which serve differentfunctions. We have already seen nodes 503, 501, and 505, whichrespectively are State Nodes, Start Nodes, and Image Nodes. State nodesserve no functional purpose other than to provide intermediate placesfor pebbles to sit during a computation. Start nodes are where pebblesare placed when a module starts. Image nodes display an image in apebbling module container screen when they are pebbled.

By contrast, variable change nodes 2700 act very differently by changingthe value of a variable when a pebble arrives on it. Once the variablehas been changed, the pebble can be deleted. Variables are one mechanismby which programs (modules) can communicate with each other, since manyprograms (modules) (depending on scope) can access the same variables.Images 2701 and 2702 respectively depict foreign state change sendersand receiver nodes, and comprise another mechanism for programs(modules) being able to communicate with each other. For instance, aforeign state change sender node may be placed in module A, and aforeign state change receiver may be placed in module B, after whichthey are paired. These act as pebble teleporters in the following way:When a pebble arrives on the foreign state change sender node in moduleA, it is immediately teleported to the corresponding foreign statechange receiver node in B.

Images 506 and 2703 respectively depict prize and Minting Nodes, andthese can be used to issue awards to an end-user. When a pebble arriveson a Prize Node, it creates an award such as a coupon, digital song,game, or other digital entity which is issued to the end-user, whereasMinting Nodes create a new module for the end-user. Pebbles on thesenodes can be deleted once they have performed their actions.

Animation nodes 2704 play an animation when pebbles arrive on them,after which these pebbles can be deleted.

System trigger nodes 504 fire an internal system trigger when pebblesarrive on them, after which these pebbles can be deleted.

HTTP POST nodes 2705 send an HTTP POST message with desired parametersto an external source such as a server or other Internet-connecteddevice when pebbles arrive on them, and again these pebbles can bedeleted after this message has been sent. This type of node provides thesystem with the ability to perform general output communications andsend instructions or data to any device on the Internet, and istherefore very powerful.

Finally, Multi-Attribute Nodes 500 are nodes which combine the powers oftwo or more of the previous nodes.

These node types are just examples of possible types that can beincluded in the system's Pebbling Language and are not meant toconstitute a complete list.

FIG. 28 illustrates several possible edge types in this embodiment ofthe system's Pebbling Language. As already explained, an edge leadingfrom one node or group to another is a simple edge, and does notnecessarily have a type. By contrast, split edges are more sophisticatedin their behavior. For instance, an All Split Point 2800 will makecopies of any pebble entering it and send them to all of the edge's endpoints. An Any Split Point 2801 will choose one endpoint uniformly atrandom and route the pebble to that destination node. By contrast, aProbability Split Point 2802 allows the programmer to assign aprobability distribution to each edge in which the sum of theprobabilities need to add up to 100%, as is the case for edge 511 inFIG. 26. This type of split point can also make use of independentprobability, in which each edge fork has an independent probabilitybetween 0-100% of spawning a new pebble and sending it its endpoint. Inthis model, the probabilities across the edges do not need to add up to100%, and unlike the others, there is no guarantee that any pebble willmake it past the split point. Finally, a Threshold Split Point 2803allows the programmer to assign a threshold of how many of the edge'sendpoints should randomly receive a pebble. For instance, the edge mayhave seven endpoint nodes, and the programmer may assign a ThresholdSplit Point to randomly send pebbles to at least 3 of them.Alternatively, he/she may assign it to randomly send pebbles to exactly5 or at most 4 endpoint nodes. These edge types are ideal forintroducing randomness and random results into modules created usingthis Pebbling Language, but they do not constitute a complete accountingof all the edge types in the language.

FIG. 29 is a diagram showing a non-exhaustive compilation of thePebbling Language's receiver types corresponding to the trigger types inFIG. 9, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Itlists many of the types of edge receivers in this embodiment of thesystem's Pebbling Programming Language. They act as receivers for thecorresponding triggers described in FIG. 9, so we shall not repeat thosedescriptions here. The one receiver which does not appear in FIG. 9 andtherefore bears mentioning is receiver 2916 which is a Many Receiver.Its role is to receive messages from a list of more than one trigger,where these triggers are not necessarily of the same type. As before,this is not an exhaustive list of receivers.

FIG. 30 is a diagram showing a non-exhaustive compilation of thePebbling Language's group types, in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention. It depicts many of the group types in the system'sPebbling Programming Language. Image 3000 shows an All Group, in whichall of the nodes in the group have to be pebbled in order for the groupto be satisfied. By contrast, image 3001 depicts an Any Group, in whichany one of the nodes in the group must be pebbled in order for the groupto be satisfied. Images 3002, 3003, 3004, 3005, and 3006 respectivelydepict different Threshold groups which are satisfied when greater than,at least, exactly, at most, or less than a certain number of nodeswithin the group are pebbled. Once again, this is not an exhaustive listof group types.

Technical System Details

In order to support the previously mentioned details and userinterfaces, the embodiment of FIG. 2 as a system requires certainunderlying technical functionality to be implemented, and this sectiondescribes one possible architectural embodiment.

One of the most basic functions of the system is its ability to createand manipulate the various entities such as modules, triggers,variables, and so on, and this functionality is illustrated in FIG. 31,which is a diagram of the embodiment of FIG. 2, showing systemarchitecture and information flow for creating and maintaining varioustypes of entities used in the embodiment. As previously mentioned andshown in FIG. 3, a programmer accesses the system's Logic Engine 110through System User Interface 251, which might be a stand-aloneapplication or hosted in a web browser. This interface exposes thevarious entities in the system such as Campaigns 3131, Modules 310,Triggers 320, the Website 252, Sandbox 3132, Variables 330, and so on.These entities are stored in client memory in JSON (Javascript ObjectNotation), or some similar format.

The system's Logic Engine 110 has one or more servers which implementthe basic functionality of conveying information from the system'sdatabase 3110 and its user interface 251. This is performed throughC.R.U.D. (Create, Read, Update, and Delete) requests 3124 from the userinterface in response to programmer actions. These requests are sent tothe Logic Engine where they are received and processed by the ServiceBack-End 3120. It relays 3100 the appropriate C.R.U.D. commands to thedatabase 3110 containing entries 3111-3115, which performs theappropriate action by either reading, writing, deleting, etc. therelevant data. When information needs to be updated or displayed in theprogrammer's interface 251, the service back-end sends a request 3121 tothe Logic Engine's push notification service 3122, which in turn sends apush notification over channel 3123 back to the programmer's userinterface 251, which then updates the programmer's view.

As already mentioned, the programming language used by the presentsystem need not necessarily be based on pebbling, but rather can be atraditional language such as Java, C, C++, Python, or any other popularProgramming Language. All of these as well as the system's PebblingLanguage are expressive enough to allow programmers to create customizedmodules which change state based on trigger inputs. FIG. 32 is a blockdiagram illustrating the progressive flow of events pertaining tochanges in state of a module for the embodiment of FIG. 2 as applied toa specific end-user instance, in response to specific triggers. It showsthe changes in a module's state in response to trigger inputs that wouldoccur regardless of which computer programming language the embodimentof the present system implements. This figure shows a series of triggerevents being progressively received for a specific end-user's module bythe system at times t₁, t₂, t₃, . . . , t_(n). For each of these triggerevents, the system then reacts according to the logic of the modulebeing run. For instance, at time t_(1,1), the module is in state 1 whenthe system receives trigger 1 3200. At time t_(1,2) the system evaluatestrigger 1 in the context of state 1 3201, and as a result, at timet_(1,3) the module changes from state 1 to state 2, as shown by 3202.Finally, at time t_(1,4) the module evaluates and stores state 2, as per3203. At this point, several more state changes can occur. In otherwords, it is not just triggers which can change a module's state. Itsinternal workings can also change the state. In the case of a pebblingmodule, a state is a unique pebbling configuration, and the differenceof one pebble or variable value constitutes a separate state. Pebblescan move multiple times in a cascading manner in response to a singletrigger, moving through many states, and the same can happen in a modulewritten using a more traditional language such as Java, but for the sakeof simplicity, we are assuming that each of the triggers in this examplechanges only one state.

Next, at time t₂, the module responds to the system's reception oftrigger 2. It evaluates trigger 2 in the context of state 2, changes tostate 3, and then evaluates and stores state 3. Similar sequences happenat times t₃, t₄, etc., until at time t_(n), the module reaches an outputstate as follows: At time t_(n,1), it receives trigger n 3200. At timet_(n,2), the system evaluates trigger n in the context of the modulebeing in state n 3201. At time t_(n,3), the module changes from state nto state n+1 3202. State n+1 is evaluated and stored at time t_(n,4)3203. At this point, the system's evaluation of the module leads to timet_(n,5) at which point the module generates an output reward message3204, which is then transmitted 3205 at time t_(n,6). After this, themodule does not necessarily terminate, but rather can be ready toreceive and react to more triggers.

FIG. 33 is a block diagram illustrating the architecture and informationflow associated with the Logic Engine 110 of FIGS. 1 and 2, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention. At the start ofthis flow, we have external trigger sources 3390 which send trigger data3300 to the present system's Logic Engine 110. These external triggersources include, but are not limited to, many of the devices that havealready been discussed, such as mobile devices 910, gaming consoles2201, or smart televisions 2200, external third party servers 221,desktop computers, laptops, wearable computers, and so on.

Within the Logic Engine 110, incoming trigger data is received andprocessed by web server 3310. This data is then relayed 3301 to thesystem's context loader 3320. The context loader's role is to fetch andprepare all of the information, or context, which will be required toprocess a module's response to the incoming trigger. Context includesinformation such as the module's current state for the relevantend-user(s) as well as the module's logic, or rules for responding totriggers. In the case of this embodiment of the system's PebblingLanguage, this includes the program's (module's) state diagram, triggerdata, pebble locations, variable values, etc. The context loader fetchesthis information by sending the trigger data 3302 to the system'sdatabase 2610, which replies with the relevant context data 3330. If themodule is unlocked, then a lock is placed on the relevant module so thatit can be edited by at most one Module Processor at once, and thiscontext data is then relayed 3331 by the context loader to the ModuleProcessor 3340. If the module is locked, then the trigger is placed intoa first-in-first-out queue within the context loader, and this will beprocessed when the module becomes unlocked.

The system's Module Processor 3340 is responsible for carrying out thecomputation resulting as a response to the trigger. In the case of thisembodiment of the system's Pebbling Language, the Module Processor loadsthe module's state diagram 3341, applies the trigger, and updates themodule by moving all relevant pebbles (if any) to their new locations.Some edges have no receivers on them, in which case pebbles can continueto move in a cascading fashion. The Module Processor moves all triggeredand cascaded pebbles until they have come to a resting state and no morepebble movement is possible. In the meantime, pebbles which are movingcan cause many different events to happen. For instance, among others,they can change the value of a variable, cause pebble-initiated triggerto fire, or cause an HTTP POST to be sent to an arbitrary server. Theseevents are placed into an output queue 3342 in a first-in-first-outmanner which can be overridden by programmer-flagged priority eventsthat can jump to the front of the queue. Once the pebbles have come torest, the Module Processor begins the task of dispatching the items inthe queue one by one. There are two different types of items in thisoutput queue: 1) Those which will initiate external outputs, and 2)Those which will initiate internal outputs. External outputs such asHTTP POSTS are sent from the Logic Engine using channel 3350. Bycontrast, internal outputs such as variable changes or internal triggersfeed back into the Logic Engine. Variable change events are sent viachannel 3371 to the system's database 2610, which performs the relevantupdate. When variables are changed, the system must check to see if anyvariable conditions have just become satisfied and if so, move theappropriate pebbles. This can be done by adding variable changes to theContext Loader's trigger queue as if it were a trigger. By contrast,internal triggers are sent via 3370 to the internal trigger processor3380, and from there, via channel 3381 to the context loader, which willtreat this as any incoming trigger by fetching the relevant context,checking to see if the corresponding module is locked, and proceeding asbefore. Once the Module Processor's output queue is empty, the module isunlocked, and any triggers waiting for it in the context loader'strigger queue are allowed to proceed in order.

The most complicated part of the system shown in FIG. 33 is the ModuleProcessor 3340, and this component of the Logic Engine 110 bears furtherexplanation. FIGS. 34-36 are block diagrams collectively showing theorder of operations performed by the Module Processor 3340 of FIG. 33.Although this diagram spans three figures, these are meant to be viewedtogether. FIG. 34 flows into FIG. 35, which in turn flows into FIG. 36.The Module Processor's main task is to apply a trigger to the relevantcontext data, move any relevant pebbles, and place any outputs on theoutput queue, which are then dispatched. Since the output queue anddispatching output queue items has already been described, we will nowfocus on how the Module Processor applies a trigger to context data inorder to perform a computation and possibly change state.

Context data includes several pieces of information and is processed ina series of seven steps. In FIGS. 34-36 we illustrate these steps asbeing applied to a series of examples. These figures can be viewed as alarge table in which these steps are the rows, and the examples are thecolumns. Example 1, described by column 3410, shows a path of threenodes whose first edge has a receiver on it, whereas the second edgedoes not. Example 2, described by column 3420, shows a group containingtwo nodes with an edge leaving that group and leading to a final node.Both the group and the edge contain variable conditions, and the edgealso has a receiver on it. Example 3, described by column 3430, shows agroup containing four nodes with an edge leaving the group and leadingto a final node. This group has variable conditions, and the edge has areceiver on it. Example 4, described by column 3440, contains a nodewith a split edge leaving it and connecting it to two nodes. This edgecontains a receiver as well as variable conditions, and has a 50% chanceof sending a pebble to either one of the destinations. Example 5,described by column 3450, contains a single edge with a receiver betweentwo nodes. Finally, Example 6 is described by column 3460 and contains agroup with three nodes in it, and an edge with a receiver leaving thatgroup to a final node.

Column 3400 illustrates the steps which the Module Processor is applyingto the context data. It is important to note that the context data doesnot change, but rather remains static during all steps. In the firststep, the context data 3401 is used to construct and load the statediagram 3470. This is done by inspecting the module's template withinthe context data. A module's template encodes the structure of the statediagram, and is common across all end-users who are running that module.Diagrams 3411-3461 respectively illustrate the templates of Examples 1-6being loaded and depict their state diagrams.

In the second step, the context data 3402 is used to load module datawhich is specific to an end-user 3480. This is called a module'sinstance, and it contains specifics such as where a specific end-user'spebbles are placed as well as the values of variables. Diagrams3412-2462 respectively illustrate the module instance data from Examples1-6 being loaded, and show where pebbles have been placed on nodes.

Step three makes use of the module template and instance data withincontext data 3403 in order to evaluate groups to make sure that they aresatisfied. In all of the present examples, the groups are of the “ALL”type, which means that every node in the group must be pebbled in orderfor the group to be satisfied. In Examples 2 and 3 (i.e., diagrams 3423and 3433 respectively), this is the case, and both of these groups aresatisfied. By contrast, the group in Example 6 (label 3463) is missing apebble, and therefore is not satisfied, so we can stop evaluating thisexample.

Moving on to FIG. 35, in step four, the module template and receiverdata within context data 3404 are used to evaluate receivers 3500. Forthe purposes of this exposition, we will assume that all receivers matchthe trigger to which the Module Processor is ultimately responding. Inthe cases of Examples 1-4 (respectively, labels 3414-3444), all of thenodes or groups at the start points of the edges containing thereceivers have been satisfied, so these computations are allowed toproceed. However, the node in Example 5 (label 3454) is not pebbled, andtherefore isn't satisfied, which means that the receiver also isn'tsatisfied 3455, terminating the computation for this example.

In step five, the module instance, receiver parameters, and variablevalues within context data 3405 are used by the Module Processor toevaluate edge parameters and variable conditions 3501. Although notnecessary, triggers can contain additional parameter data, andconditions based on this data can be added to edges/receivers. Thisallows an even greater level of control, in that a receiver may be inall other ways satisfied, but then fail because the edge triggerparameters failed. Similarly, the variable conditions on an edgesimilarly allow for a greater level of control in that a receiver may bein all other ways satisfied, but then fail because the variableconditions failed. In Examples 1 and 3 (respectively labels 3415 and3435), the edge parameters are satisfied, and there are no variableconditions, so they are vacuously satisfied, allowing these computationsto proceed. Similarly, in Example 2 (label 3425) the variable conditionis satisfied, allowing this computation to proceed. By contrast, inExample 4 (label 3445), the edge variable is not satisfied 3446, and thecomputation terminates. If this variable condition had been satisfied,the pebble would have moved along the edge and chosen a random fork toend up on one of the two destination nodes.

In step six, the module instance and variable values within context data3406 are used to evaluate group conditions and variables 3502. Example 1(label 3416) has no groups, and therefore vacuously proceeds. In Example2 (label 3426), the group's variable condition is satisfied, allowingits computation to also proceed. Finally, Example 3's group variablecondition fails (label 3436), and this example's computation terminates3437.

Step seven is the final stage of the Module Processor's computation, andit uses the module instance information within the context data 3407 tomove pebbles and process the consequences by placing them on the outputqueue as previously discussed. In Example 2 (label 3427), the twopebbles from the group merge into one and move along the edge to thedestination node, thereby changing the module's state. Merging occursbecause nodes cannot have more than one pebble on them. In Example 1(label 3417), the pebble moves from the Start Node to the middle node,and because the next edge contains no receiver or variable conditions,it is unobstructed and continues to move to the final node 3418.

Cloud Operating System & Marketing Network

As previously mentioned, this system forms an “operating system in thecloud” in two major ways. The first is that it is capable of executingarbitrary computer modules, and the second is that it creates aUniversal Event Bus and exposes this functionality to programmers inorder to simplify the management and access of an extremely rich varietyof input and output devices and signals. This Universal Event Bus can beused in extremely general ways, and this major functionality isillustrated in FIG. 37, which is a logical flow diagram illustrating howthe embodiment of FIG. 2 can be considered as a Universal Event Bus. Ascan be seen, the system forms something of a “bow tie”, with maximumflexibility on inputs, maximum computational expressiveness(Turing-Completeness) in the center, and maximum flexibility on theoutputs. The system's Logic Engine 110 forms a nexus which can connectany device capable of sending a trigger on the left, to anyInternet-connected device on the right. Devices capable of sendingtrigger messages include, but are not limited to modern cars withbuilt-in computers 3700, smart televisions 2200, game consoles 2201,mobile devices such as smart phones or tablet computers 3702, smarteyewear or other wearable devices 3701, laptop or desktop computers2202, any external Internet-connected server 221, and so on. Triggersfrom these myriad devices arrive at the Logic Engine 110 where they areprocessed according to a module written using the system's PebblingLanguage or some other means of encoding computer processinginstructions. This module reacts to the trigger being received andperforms an appropriate action which can range from changing the stateand graphics of a module to sending a message to an arbitraryInternet-connected device. In all of these cases, the list of outputdevices on which the output is displayed, or the output device to whichthis message is sent is again extremely flexible and diverse, and isshown on the right-hand side of the “bow tie”. Since the present systemallows for a message to be sent from any device, processed arbitrarily,and then relayed to any other arbitrary device, it is appropriate torefer to the system as a cloud-based operating system together with aUniversal Event Bus.

One powerful application of this event bus is to the realm of digitalmarketing. Advertising networks are currently siloed from each other andcome in many “genres” such as radio, television, print, out-of-home,digital, and so on. In order for a brand to launch a marketing campaign,it must create and launch an ad campaign on several of these differenttypes of ad networks. In that sense, a marketing campaign is simply theunion of several ad campaigns, but in today's world with currenttechnologies or lack thereof, the connections between these ad campaignsis largely thematic rather than technological. Since thepresently-described embodiment of this system forms a Universal EventBus and has so many different types of heterogeneous triggers, they canbe deployed across the world's heterogeneous ad networks in order tocreate the world's first “marketing network”. Together with the system'sability to easily create modules and splice them into existingapplications using an embodiment of the system's visual PebblingProgramming Language, this is a potent combination because it allowsbrands as well as their agencies to take charge and control theorchestration of a digital marketing campaign across many ad networks.Because the system's Pebbling Language is so simple and visual, it canbe mastered by creative individuals who have no technical backgrounds orexperience, thereby empowering them to control the entire executionpipeline of a campaign without having to rely on technical vendors tobuild apps, thereby saving time, money, and the risk of ideas being lostin translation.

However, embodiments of this invention have applications that clearly gofar beyond the realm of marketing. There has been much talk about theso-called ‘Internet of Things’, in which the whole world will becomeconnected to the Internet. Everything from watches to microwaves tocars, our clothing, our homes and much more will all have IP addressesor some other way of being referenced, located, or connected to theInternet, even if only in a semantic rather than a technological sense.That new world will require key tools and infrastructure to help connectdevices with each other together with the ability to easily set up andperform intermediate computations. We therefore see this embodiment ofthe present invention as being a key technology to help create andmanage the new Internet of Things.

Sponsorship Junctions

With the addition of another component to the system, we can enable somepowerful functionality that can be built on top of previously-describedsystem abilities. This component is not necessarily dependent on therest of the system, and can be integrated with any similar platform.This component is called the system's “Sponsorship Junction Controller”,and it enables Sponsorship Junctions, which provide the system with theability for end-users to be sponsored by brands for doing things thatthey already do but for which they are currently not receiving anyrewards. Sponsorship Junctions bring together the creators ofexperiences with brands/sponsors in a seamless way.

Sponsorship junctions can be created for any “trigger-monitorableactivity”, that is, any type of activity for which an end-user'sparticipation or action can be measured by creating a trigger that, iffired by an end-user, would imply that he/she is indeed participating inthat activity or performing that action. These experiences can includealmost any activity, such as people playing video games, visiting atheme park, or running a marathon, and the purpose of a SponsorshipJunction is to make it easy for the creators of the video games, theowners of theme parks, and the organizers of marathons to invite brandsto respectively sponsor game players, theme park visitors, and marathonrunners for participating. For each activity genre such as video games,theme parks, and marathons, there is a separate Sponsorship Junction. Itis not necessary that an end-user be aware that a specifictrigger-monitorable activity is in fact being monitored by a trigger,even though the end-user might be purposefully engaged in the activityExamples of such a trigger-monitorable activity include credit cardswipes, which fire triggers and cause a state to change in an accountassociated with the end-user, or even facial recognition technologywhich is used to identify an end-user in a specific context and thenautomatically fire a trigger, causing state to change in a securitymodule associated with the end-user. However, for many brands, the mostexciting possibilities for sponsorship junction are the ones whichinvolve sponsorship of activities in which the end-user is aware of thepresence of triggers.

For instance, with the video game Sponsorship Junction, let us assumethat 100 different game developers connect their games to the junction,and then another 100 different brands connect to the junction assponsors. Normally, this would require every game developer to make aseparate deal with every sponsor, so that would require an astronomical10,000 business deals to be struck. However, Sponsorship Junctions aredesigned to considerably decrease this burden, and instead of requiring10,000 deals, the present system requires that each game developer andsponsor only make one deal—with the Sponsorship Junction, therebyreducing the required business development from a quadratic 10,000 to alinear 200. This is achieved by setting up a standard set of defaulttriggers for each Sponsorship Junction so that each game implementsthese triggers, as does every sponsor. This set of default triggers ishighly-specific to the genre of the Sponsorship Junction, so forinstance, in the case of video games, the set would include triggers forcommon events that happen in video games, such as completing a level,killing a boss, leveling up, winning the game, and so on. By contrast, atheme park might have a completely different set of default triggers forevents such as visiting the park, going on a ride, eating at theconcession, going on five rides in a day, a fifth visit to the park, andso on. For each experience genre, there is a separate SponsorshipJunction, and each one has a different set of default triggers which ishighly customized for that genre. Each experience creator need notnecessarily implement every default trigger, but they must implementsome minimum number of them, and the same goes for sponsors, although itis in their best interests to implement as many as possible.

An end-user's experience of participating in a Sponsorship Junction isshown in FIGS. 38A, 38B, and 38C, which are representations ofSponsorship Junction end-user experiences, including display screens,respectively associated with sponsor selection, results of game play,and user outcome messaging. We shall use the Sponsorship Junction forvideo games as an example in which an end-user is playing a game on acontroller-based game console 3810, such as an Xbox, Playstation,Nintendo, and so on, although this example should not be construed aslimiting. The first stage of the process is shown in FIG. 38A andinvolves the end-user's starting the relevant game on his/her gameconsole and selecting a sponsor on the television 2200. The SponsorSelector Interface 3800 lists a series of brands 3801, and the end-usermoves a selector 3802 over the brand that he/she wishes to sponsor thissession of the video game and selects it. This list of brands ispopulated only with brands for which the end-user has applications. Thisis determined by matching the end-user's credentials from the video gameconsole with on his/her mobile device credentials from all brandaccounts from the total list of sponsors. For those apps which theend-user has, but for which matches are not found (for example, if theend-user used different credentials to log into the app from those usedto log into the game console), the end-user is given the opportunity tomanually enter his/her credentials into that brand's representation inthe game console's sponsorship list. FIG. 38B illustrates the next stepof the process. Once the sponsor has been selected, the end-user playsthe sponsored game on the console 3810 and television 2200, and ifhe/she achieves a result in the game for which there is a trigger, thena congratulatory message 3820 is displayed which may or may not containspecific information from the selected sponsor. Meanwhile, and as shownin FIG. 38C, the end-user's smart phone 910 buzzes 3831, and if he/shechooses to check it, the phone contains a notification message from theselected brand 3830 informing the end-user of his/her reward. This typeof Sponsorship Junction represents a compelling way for brands toadvertise within video games, something that has not been popular oreven possible, and to do so in a way that does not offend or annoy theend-user because he/she is being rewarded by a brand that he/sheselected, and also because the advertising happens entirely on a secondscreen, and therefore does not divert the end-user's attention from theenjoyment of his/her activity as is currently the case with in-gamemobile advertising with banner ads, which cause a full-page redirect tooccur when they are clicked, thereby frustrating end-users. SponsorshipJunctions for other genres work similarly.

Sponsorship Junctions are an additional component within the presentsystem's architecture and their relationship to the rest of the systemis shown in FIG. 39, which is a block diagram illustrating how handlingof Sponsorship Junctions is accomplished in the overall architecture ofthe embodiment of FIG. 2, in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention. The system can host an arbitrary number ofSponsorship Junctions 3902, 3903, 3904, etc., which themselves aremanaged by a Sponsorship Junction Controller 3901. This controller inturn resides within the system's Logic Engine 110. Sponsorship Junctionsmake use of previously-described system components and functionalitysuch as triggers, receivers, etc., so we won't repeat those componentshere. Their main purpose is to connect end-users of experiences withsponsors. To that end, the system provides a Sponsor Selector Interface3800 in the form of an API which can be included on any device such as agame console or mobile smart phone. The end-user selects his/her sponsorusing this interface, which communicates over channels 3930, 3900through the Internet 200 with the Sponsorship Junction Controller,thereby connecting a specific end-user participating in a specificexperience with a specific sponsor. Of course, Sponsorship Junctionswill also require several user interfaces 3920 to help with theirmanagement, including a user interface for them to be set up 3921 (thisincludes the creation of their default triggers) as well as userinterfaces for Experience Creators 3922 and sponsors 3923 to join ajunction. These user interfaces communicate through channels 3910, 3900over the Internet 200.

The inner structure of Sponsorship Junctions is shown in FIG. 40, whichis a block diagram showing the inner logical structure of SponsorshipJunctions. This diagram shows two different Sponsorship Junctions:Sponsorship Junction A 3902 and Sponsorship Junction B 3903. Let usassume that Junction A is for video game sponsorship, and that JunctionB's purpose is to provide a means of sponsoring people for visitingtheme parks. Junction A contains Default Trigger Set A 4000 which itselfcontains several default triggers 4001, 4002, 4003, etc. that werecreated using interface 3921 in FIG. 39. These triggers arehighly-specific to video games. Sponsorship Junction A includes severalExperience Creators, which in this case are video games 4011-4014. Theprogrammers of these video games have implemented the triggers 4010 fromDefault Trigger Set A in their games. In addition, they can optionallycreate custom triggers above and beyond those in the default set, whichare stored in their own accounts rather than with the default triggers.These video games as well as any custom triggers are registered withJunction A using user interface 3922 from FIG. 39. At the same time,Junction A also includes several sponsors, which in this case are brandsthat have their own mobile applications running modules from the presentsystem. These modules are labeled 4021-4026, and in them their creatorshave implemented receivers 4020 for the triggers in Default Trigger SetA, as well as any previously-mentioned custom triggers from the videogame programmers. The main role of the Sponsorship Junction is toconnect a specific experience (in this case a video game) with aspecific sponsor (in this case the sponsor's app), and that is thepurpose of the Selector 4030. In addition to implementing triggers, thevideo game creators also implemented a graphical Sponsor SelectorInterface 3800 in each of their games. Gamers use this interface afterthey have started the game in order to select a brand, as shown in FIG.38. This act connects the game that they are already in 4011 with thesponsor that they have chosen 4024. The selector then routes triggerswhich are fired in the game being played to the sponsor's module viadynamic channel 4031, 4032.

In the case of Sponsorship Junction B, the experience might be quitedifferent from video games since its purpose is to sponsor customers oftheme parks for doing the normal things that they do at theme parks, butthe underlying technology is robust enough to connect audienceproviders, in this case mobile applications belonging to theme parkssuch as Disneyland, Six Flags, Universal Studios, Sea World, Legoland,etc., with brand sponsors' apps/modules. The end-user of a theme parkapp 4061 starts it and via 3800 selects a sponsor 4060. The end-userthen visits the theme park, goes on rides, eats at the concession, etc.,and uses the theme park app 4061 to interact with various triggers fromDefault Trigger Set B which have been implemented in the app. JunctionB's selector routes 4051, 4052 these triggers to the receivers of theend-user's app 4060 from the selected sponsor, which buzzes or notifiesthe end-user whenever he/she has earned points or other rewards fortypical theme park activities captured by the triggers.

In an alternate embodiment, sponsor selection within a SponsorshipJunction is not performed explicitly by the end-user, but rather byautomated or algorithmic means. For instance, instead of providing auser interface, the Sponsor Selector 3800 consists of code in the systemwhich runs a real-time auction which can measure several inputs such asthe nature of the experience, the end-user's profile, potentialsponsors' profiles, as well as bids from potential sponsors. It thenuses standard auction algorithms such as those used by current onlineadvertisers such as Google to match the best sponsor with the rightend-user while maximizing profit. Similarly, in another embodiment,sponsors are chosen algorithmically according to a schedule, withdifferent sponsors being chosen at different times or according todifferent geographies. Yet another embodiment uses a hybrid approach,using algorithmic means such as an auction in order to rank the order ofthe sponsors, at which point the end-user selects the sponsor as before.

Generalized Sponsorship Junctions

The example above involving video game sponsorship represents only onecase in a more general sponsorship junction framework. In this previouscase, the video game creator is an experience provider who createstriggers using our system that the sponsorship junction relays to abrand sponsor. However, that relationship can also be reversed: thesponsoring brand creates triggers that the sponsorship junction relaysto the experience provider. One example of this might involve a sponsorfiring a trigger after an end-user performs some task in their app, suchas viewing some content, purchasing an item, or merely installing theapp in the first place, which is then relayed to the video game throughthe sponsorship junction, where the end-user might receive some rewardin the game, for example additional points, in response to the trigger.In this case the sponsor uses the video game reward as an incentive toencourage behavior within their app, and is willing to pay for thatprivilege.

The video game example also demonstrates that neither the experienceprovider nor the sponsor needs to build their apps using thepresently-described system. The video game creator in the example abovecreates triggers using our system, and then implements them in theirgame through an API we provide that interfaces with our system over theinternet. The triggers relayed by the sponsorship junction can bereceived in external apps by creating a trigger or receiver in oursystem, and implementing those in the external app through our API insimilar fashion. This is useful where either or both the experienceprovider and the sponsoring brand have an existing app they do not wishto visually modify. For example, a sponsoring brand might have anexisting loyalty app where end-users are awarded points. The sponsoringbrand may wish to start awarding points in response to triggers firedfrom a popular mobile application game, relayed through a sponsorshipjunction. It would be understandable if neither the loyalty app nor themobile application game would want to modify their app beyondimplementing the sponsorship junction. It is equally understandable thebenefits to both parties of nonetheless participating in the sponsorshipjunction: the loyalty app encourages greater use and brand affinity byawarding points via a popular game, and the mobile application game isable to monetize its game in a way that rewards end-users merely forplaying, something they would do already.

In summary, the generalized sponsorship junction covers two distinctcases: (1) experience provider fires triggers relayed to sponsoringbrand; and (2) sponsoring brand fires triggers relayed to experienceprovider. Within each of these cases, either one or both the experienceprovider and sponsoring brand can use our system to build the app. Belowwe examine in detail the case in which the sponsoring brand provides thetriggers but does not build their app using our system whereas theexperience provider does.

For instance, a hypothetical major league sports team called Team 1 canuse the presently-described system to create a digital trading cardexperience which is then spliced into its existing app. Team 1 creates acompetition, implemented in its app, wherein a sports fan must collectthe card of each player on the team, and cards are obtained byinteracting with triggers. The team can distribute these triggers in andabout its own stadium and stores, or publish them on its digital triggerreal estate such as its website, Twitter feed, Facebook page, etc., butsince not all triggered experiences are of equal value, it can also sellthese triggers to its sponsors by auction via a Sponsorship Junction. Ofcourse, trading cards are simply one example of an experience which canbe built using this system, and it should by no means be construed aslimiting, since a brand can instead build any experience (using thepresently-described system or not), add triggers to it, and then submitthose triggers to auction.

More generally, embodiments of the present technology can beparticularly useful to entities (called “audience providers”) thatproduce, host, or otherwise provide events, games, performances or otherenvironments drawing an audience, such as baseball teams, theme parks,video game makers, movie studios, musicians, cruise lines, hotels, golfcourses, etc. An audience provider can use an embodiment of the presenttechnology platform with triggers to create experiences forparticipating end users. When the audience provider creates suchexperiences, then the audience provider becomes an “experienceprovider”. When the experience provider creates experiences forparticipating end-users that are seen by such users to be valuable, thencompanies having physical or digital locations at which are soldproducts or services may wish to offer such experiences in order toattract foot traffic to their retail locations. When a company makessuch an offer, we call it a “sponsoring brand”. In various embodimentsof the present invention, the sponsoring brand for a given experienceprovider is selected by auction. We will provide an overview of theseprocesses first in discussing briefly FIGS. 47, 48, 53, 55, and 57. Thenwe will discuss these figures and the other figures in further detail.

FIG. 47 illustrates an interface for programming by the audienceprovider Team 1, which in this example is acting as an experienceprovider, using an embodiment of the present invention to define atrigger wherein the reward is a digital playing card for the baseballplayer Action Jackson on Team 1. FIG. 48 illustrates a correspondinginterface for the sponsoring brand to define a trigger associated withfoot traffic into a retail location of the sponsoring brand or someother similar end user activity. After sets of triggers are defined bythe experience providers, on the one hand, and by the sponsoring brands,on the other hand, mappings are defined in the Sponsorship Junctionillustrated in FIG. 53. This figure shows the experience providertriggers in the upper portion of the figure and the sponsoring brandtriggers in the lower portion of the figure, and therefore the mappingis between the triggers in the upper portion to the triggers in thelower portion. The sponsor selector creates the mapping. In variousembodiments, the sponsoring brand is selected by an auction processamong potential sponsoring brands. The auction among potentialsponsoring brands is for the purpose of linking to a set of triggersoffered by a particular experience provider. We will see how the biddingcan target specific subgroups (e.g. based on demographics) within thegeneral population of end-users so that the same triggers can be linkeddifferently for each user based on the subgroup to which that end-userbelongs.

FIG. 55 is a representation of a bid by a potential sponsoring brand. Inembodiments of the present invention, a potential sponsoring brand bidsto bind an experience provider trigger to a trigger of the potentialsponsoring brand. This example demonstrates one particularimplementation and should not be considered limiting in any way. In FIG.55, a trigger of the potential sponsoring brand is linked to a triggerof the experience provider to ensure the trigger can be relayed from theexperience provider to the potential sponsoring brand. In practice,other mechanisms than triggers can be implemented for the potentialsponsoring brand to receive the relayed trigger from the experienceprovider. This includes but is not limited to new receiver objectscreated for the purpose or existing mechanisms on the platform forreceiving and responding to triggers.

FIG. 57 is an illustrative mapping of experience triggers to sponsortriggers resulting after processing of bids when the sponsoring brandshave been selected. It can be seen that the mapping is not necessarilyone to one, and can be many to one or vice versa.

As shown in FIG. 47, the team uses trigger description interface 4701 toadd triggers for auction within the Sponsorship Junction. Triggers 4702belonging to Team 1 are added by clicking on button 4703, which opens astandard interface (not shown) containing all of this experienceprovider's triggers of which some subset can be added or removed asdesired. For each trigger up for auction 4702, the experience providerselects it, the highlighted selection being indicated as item 4704, andthen supplies a description, which is indicated by item 4705. In thiscase, descriptions are images uploaded using button 4706, but thedescription area could just as easily be more sophisticated and includean editor for building the description from atomic pieces such as textboxes, smaller images, HTML, and so on. It is also possible to upload 3Dshapes associated with modules in the present innovation. The entirepurpose of providing descriptions for the triggers up for auction is toinform the end-user of their value and what they do. In this case, thedescription informs the end-user that this trigger will give the enduser the coveted Action Jackson card.

FIG. 48 is analogous to FIG. 47 and shows a sponsor's correspondingtrigger description interface 4801 for describing and publishing its owntriggers, in list 4802, which are added using button 4803 as before. Inthis case, The Burger Place selects one of its triggers, shown as item4804, and supplies a description 4805 using button 4806. Once again,this description interface can contain an editor, but for the purposesof this exposition, an image is sufficient, and image 4805 will give anend-user clear instructions on where to find the selected trigger 4804.

An automated auction or other means of selecting a sponsoring brand isperformed by the Sponsorship Junction and dynamically links the team'striggers to those of its sponsoring brand which won the right to usethem, thereby allowing Team 1's trading cards to be dispensed at thesponsoring brand's triggers at its location(s). The relationship betweenthe sponsoring brand and Team 1 as experience provider creates anincentive for the team's fans to visit its sponsoring brand's physicalor digital locations and even to make purchases, results that arevaluable to the sponsoring brand and for which the latter will pay theteam. The details of sponsor selection as well as mechanisms formeasuring purchases are described in following sections, but it may bevaluable to first illustrate a fan's journey as he/she steps throughthis experience.

The fan's view of a screen within the team's app 4901 is shown in FIG.49. The trading card experience contains a checklist 4902 showing whichcards the fan has already collected. He/she clicks on the icon 4903representing the card of Team 1's most beloved player, Action Jackson.The fan's selection loads a screen 4904 informing the fan what to do inorder to obtain the Action Jackson card. Screen 4904 is created bydynamically combining description 4705, which was entered by the team,with the description 4805 of the sponsor that won the auction, which inthis case is The Burger Place. The fan sees this seamless amalgamationof information and understands that he/she must follow the instructions4805 in order to obtain the card, in this case that he/she must visitThe Burger Place before midnight.

As shown in FIG. 50, the fan 5001 does precisely this and visits TheBurger Place's restaurant 5002, which was shown in screen 4904. Asillustrated in FIG. 51, once the fan has walked with his smartphonewithin range of the proximity-based iBeacon trigger 4804, it fires andperforms the programmed action of the trigger 4704 to which it islinked, in this case the minting of the Action Jackson card, shown onthe fan's mobile device 5101, and thus fulfilling the promise that wasmade on screen 4904.

FIG. 52 shows how the creator of the experience used a screen editor5201 to build the end-user-facing portion of the experience. This isdone by choosing a screen to edit from dropdown menu 5209, in this casethe checklist screen 4901, and then selecting checklist button 4903 andadding an action from dropdown list 5202 instructing it to open a newscreen 5203, which in this case is a hybrid-type screen 5204 selectedfrom dropdown list 5205. The hybrid screen 5204 will merge the triggerdescription 4705 input by the sports team and trigger description 4805input by the sponsor. The experience creator only has to select the tophalf of the hybrid screen 5206 and select trigger description 4704 fromdropdown 5207, and the system will automatically fill in triggerdescription 4705 in the top half of the screen and then dynamicallychoose the lower half 5208 according to which sponsor is linked/bound toit by the junction.

Sponsor Selection

The architecture of the presently-described Sponsorship Junction 5301 isshown in FIG. 53, and it closely resembles the description in FIG. 40.As before, the purpose of the junction is create a dynamic mappingbetween experience provider triggers 5302 and Sponsor Triggers 5303,which is performed by the Sponsor Selector(s) 5304. Note that theSponsorship Junction can contain triggers from multiple experienceproviders as well as sponsors. The number of Sponsor Selectors is itselfdynamic, and depends on the granularity of the mapping itself. Forinstance, if the mapping is designed as a “one size fits all” solution,then a single Sponsor Selector creates a mapping between experienceprovider triggers and sponsor triggers. The mapping itself can changeover time, but the mapping at any time is identical for all end-users.Similarly, an audience may be segmented into different groups withdifferent experiences targeted at these different groups, allowing asponsor to value members of separate demographics differently withoverlaps being resolved algorithmically. For instance, Team 1's audiencemay be segmented into season ticket holders, males aged 13-22, and“soccer moms”, and sponsors may place a different value on members ofthese different groups. This is solved by having the system dynamicallyrun three separate Sponsor Selectors, one for each audience segment. Themapping for different segments can therefore be different, therebyreflecting how much sponsors value their members over one another, butwithin each group the mapping is the same for each person. Similarly,targeting can be done on a fine-grained individual basis, in which casethe system creates a Sponsor Selector for each end-user.

There are many ways in which the Sponsor Selector(s) 5304 can computethe mapping of experience/audience provider triggers 5302 to those ofsponsors 5303. As was shown in FIG. 38A, this selection can be madeexplicitly by the end-user, but of course the end-user may select morethan one sponsor or possibly even whole categories of sponsors such asfast food restaurants. In that example the sponsor was explicitlyselected in the context of playing a console video game system, but thisshould not be construed as limiting, and explicit sponsor selection canjust as easily be implemented within Team 1's app above. Similarly, aspreviously described, sponsor selection can be performed by other simpleand obvious means such as a schedule dictating a trigger matchingaccording to date or time.

Another means of matching experience provider and sponsor triggersinvolves an automated auction of which many types are possible. By wayof example, one possible model is analogous to that perfected by Googlein which advertisers bid on search terms and then pay on acost-per-click basis where the cost is determined by an automatedauction taking various factors into account. The significant differencebetween Google's model and that of the presently-described system isthat the former is an online system connecting Google's audience toadvertisers for the purpose of having them click on links in order todrive traffic to advertiser websites, whereas the embodiments herein arewith respect to a system based on triggers which inherently span therealms of both online and physical world. Whereas the former based onhyperlinks and limited to the World Wide Web, the latter is based ontriggers and open to the real world, so rather than driving payingcustomers to a digital website, this system can be used to drive payingcustomers to real-world locations. Since many trigger types can simplybe viewed as clicks in the real world, the cost-per-click model worksequally well with the presently-described system as it does for Google.Of course, a mapping doesn't have to be purely based on user selection,a schedule, an auction, or any other single method, but rather can alsoconsist of a combination of any or all of these.

A sponsor can set the maximum price which it will pay for certaintriggered experiences using a sponsor auction interface similar to thatshown in FIG. 54. In this example, The Burger Place logs into the systemand uses the interface 5401 to view the different sets of triggers foreach of the experience providers which it sponsors. In this case it seesset 5402 from Team 1, and set 5403 from Experience Provider X. Team 1 isselling several triggers including 4704 which mints the Action Jacksoncard. The current winning bids are categorized according to demographicgroups relevant to this particular experience provider, in this caseseason ticket holders 5404, males aged 13-22 5405, and soccer moms 5406,making it easy for the sponsor to see at a glance the market rates forthese triggers.

The sponsor wishes to bid on the trigger associated with the ActionJackson card for the audience segment 5405 consisting of males aged13-22, selects this demographic 5407 containing the current winning bid5408, and clicks on button 5409 which opens the bidding interface shownin FIG. 55. The Burger Place enters its maximum bid into text box 5502and presses button 5503. Since this exceeds the previous highest bid5408, The Burger Place wins the auction and is taken to its TriggerLinking Interface shown in FIG. 56. The Burger Place selects Team 1 froma drop-down list 5601 of experience providers, which populates column5602 of triggers from Team 1 for which they have won their auctions orare otherwise allowed to use. The next column 4802 shows the triggersowned by The Burger Place. Note that the triggers in the first columnare a subset of those previously entered by experience providers usingtrigger description interface 4701, and the triggers in the secondcolumn are precisely those entered by the sponsor using triggerdescription interface 4801.

The sponsor selects its own trigger, in this case an iBeacon trigger4804 at its restaurant, which opens a Fallback Interface 5603. Thepurpose of the Fallback Interface is to select the prioritization orderin which experience provider triggers in column 5602 will be linked withtrigger 4804. In this implementation, only the highest-priority trigger5604 is the one which is actively linked with trigger 4804, but it ispossible for a sponsor to link more than one experience provider triggerto its own. In this case, another sponsor may become the highest bidderfor this trigger, in which case The Burger place will lose the right tolink its trigger 4804 with experience provider trigger 4704. In thisevent, the fallback prioritization 5603 determines what will happen, andin this case trigger 5605 will take its place and become the newhighest-priority trigger, and therefore linked to sponsor trigger 4804.The lowest-priority trigger 5606 in the list may be one that the sponsorcan never lose, which may be important because it might be desirable forsponsor triggers never to be unlinked. In order to add triggers to thisfallback list, the sponsor simply drags and drops a trigger from column5602 to interface 5604, and can reorder by dragging within thisinterface.

Note that a sponsor such as The Burger Place can simultaneously linkmultiple triggers from different experience providers to one of itstriggers by repeating the above exercise for several experienceproviders in drop-down menu 5601, which simply means that many differentexperience provider apps will have triggers fired when an end-user whohas those apps walks interacts with that particular trigger from TheBurger Place.

This auction model and corresponding interfaces constitute only onepossible implementation and should not be construed as limiting, as manyother models are possible. For instance, the current example may implythat linking occurs immediately when a sponsor becomes the highestbidder for a trigger, which isn't necessarily the case. Linking mayoccur at any point in the process, including at the time of creating abid. In fact, the implementation described so far may actually beundesirable in certain instances. For example, an end-user is promisedthe Action Jackson card as shown in FIG. 49, and follows theinstructions 4805, setting out for The Burger Place. However, while intransit to that location, a different sponsor outbids The Burger Place,so by the time the end-user arrives, he/she no longer receives theexpected card and is disappointed. There are several solutions to thisproblem: for instance, rather than being linked instantaneously,triggers can switch over to their new “owners” at midnight or some othertime when most people are likely to be sleeping. Similarly, time periodscan be explicitly be mentioned as a component of each auction, so ratherthan bidding on triggers, sponsors can bid on them for set periods oftime, so in our example, The Burger Place can have the Action Jacksontrigger linked to the trigger at its restaurant for, say, a one weekperiod. For the sake of clarity and to avoid any misunderstandings orassumptions, the time duration of the linking can be explicitly surfaced4805 to the end-user in the instructions.

Similarly, auctions can be performed in real-time as soon as theend-user clicks on the checklist icon 4903 corresponding with a tradingcard which loads the hybrid screen 4904. In this case, the auction isautomatically carried out when the hybrid screen is displayed to theend-user. Another example of a real-time auction is when the auction isperformed at the time a trigger is fired. Depending on the type ofsponsorship junction involved, the auction will evaluate bids ofpotential sponsoring brands at that moment to determine what brandbecomes the sponsor of that trigger (e.g. in the video game example fromearlier), or what reward an end-user will receive in an experiencelinked to that trigger (e.g. in the Team 1 example discussed morerecently).

Real-time auctions such as this lend themselves well to targeting, notjust on a generic or demographic level, but even on acustom-tailored/individual basis, and the system can dynamically link asponsor trigger with the Action Jackson card based on a combination ofeverything it knows about the end-user together with other information.This can include data such as age, gender, home zip code, personalpreferences, past behavior within the system, information about thisend-user coming from different experience providers, end-user blacklists and white lists, and so on, all in an algorithmic and automatedway using standard machine learning techniques designed to maximize theprobability that the end-user will interact with the sponsor's trigger.Once this real-time auction is run, the system maintains a trigger linktable describing which experience provider triggers are linked to whichsponsor triggers, and for how long, and it will control what happenswhen each individual end-user interacts with any sponsor trigger. Thislink table of course doesn't have to be edited in real-time, but rathercan be computed and built/continually rebuilt as needed ahead of timefor all users, so there are many feasible ways to implementindividualized targeting.

As previously described, the architecture of our generalized sponsorshipjunction is shown in FIG. 53. Since the Sponsorship Junction simplylinks triggers 5302 from an audience provider, to those 5303 of asponsor, it is completely symmetric and can accommodate any general usecase which fits within the paradigm of sponsored, triggered experienceswith one or more Sponsor Selectors 5304 determining the linking in amanner similar to that shown previously in FIG. 40. The examples we havegiven illustrate the general nature and power of the SponsorshipJunction: In the present example, Team 1 provided an audience, namelyits fans, whereas The Burger Place played the role of sponsor, whereasin the previous example involving video game sponsorship, it was thevideo game maker who provided the audience, and Brand 2 was the sponsor.It does not matter that in the sports example, it was the team whichused the present system to create the sponsorable experience, whereas inthe video game example the sponsorable experience was createdindependently by a video game maker. Similarly, it does not matter thatin one example the trigger-monitorable activity (playing a video game)is associated with the audience provider, whereas in the other (visitinga restaurant), it is associated with the sponsor. This is because theSponsorship Junction is agnostic to the semantics or details of theexperiences and is therefore completely general; it simply links thetriggers of the two parties or conveys triggers from one party to theother. It should also be emphasized that either, both, or neither of theexperience provider or sponsor must use the presently-described systemin order to implement their experiences. For instance, in the aboveexample, Team 1 did use the system to implement the experience, but itcan just as easily have been a video game maker building a game for,say, the Xbox platform using traditional means, and having embeddedtriggers in that game. When the end-user visits the Burger Place,instead of collecting baseball cards, the Sponsorship Junction insteadcould have relayed triggers to the Xbox game and leveled up theend-user's character in that game.

The act of linking triggers from experiences providers to Sponsors iscarried out by one or more Sponsor Selectors 5304 responsible fordynamically creating the mappings between experience creator triggers5302 and sponsor triggers 5303 for a group or individuals, and aSponsorship Junction may contain any number of experience creators andsponsors. As previously mentioned, this mapping can be achieved in manydifferent ways, such as an explicit manual selection of one or moresponsors made by an end-user or by an automated auction as describedabove. One possible implementation of the inner workings of a SponsorSelector capable of automated auctions is shown in FIG. 57.

Each Sponsor Selector 5700 has a channel 5701 leading to the full set ofexperience provider triggers from all of the experience providers in thejunction and exposes these triggers internally 5702 as ET₁, ET₂, . . . ,ET_(N). Similarly, the Sponsor Selector has an analogous channel 5703leading to the full set of sponsor triggers from all sponsors in thejunction and exposes these triggers internally 5704 as ST₁, ST₂, . . . ,ST_(M). It is not necessary that the number of experience provider andsponsor triggers be equal and these quantities are dynamic.

The Sponsor Selector controller 5705 dynamically maps 5706 the set ofexperience provider triggers to sponsor triggers. It is not necessarythat each experience provider trigger be mapped to a sponsor trigger,and similarly it is not necessary that each sponsor trigger have anexperience provider trigger mapped to it. For instance, in this example,both ET₄ and ST₂ are unmapped 5707. It is also possible for anexperience provider trigger to map to several sponsor triggers 5708,which simply means that this experience can be triggered using more thanone sponsor trigger. Finally, it is possible that a single experienceprovider trigger can map to sponsor triggers across multiple SponsorSelectors.

Experience providers can even sell their triggers to multiple differentsponsors, for instance, to the top three winning bidders. Finally, it ispossible for more than one experience provider trigger to map to asingle sponsor trigger 5709, which means that more than one experiencewill be triggered when the end-user interacts with this sponsor trigger.If these experience provider triggers come from distinct experienceproviders, then the end-user may need separate apps to interact withthem all. Of course, it is also possible for one single experienceprovider trigger to be mapped to just one single sponsor trigger 5716.

The controller 5705 uses many different sources of information in orderto create the Sponsor Selector's mapping. For instance, it can take intoaccount black lists and white lists 5710 for end-users, experienceproviders, and sponsors. Similarly, it can use end-user profiles andusage history 5711, sponsor fallback lists 5712, schedules 5713,biddings history 5714, trigger link tables 5715, and any other salientsignals to determine and if required, constantly re-determine themapping. It is again worth re-emphasizing that this is merely one meansof sponsor selection, and should not be interpreted as limiting sincemany other solutions are possible. For instance, sponsors can provide abudget and simply ask the system to bid accordingly in order to solve abusiness problem. In other words, rather than explicitly bidding onexperience provider triggers, a sponsor can provide a budget and simplyrequest traffic for its own triggers, and the system then uses allinformation available to it in order to algorithmically set its biddingin order to maximize that traffic. Similarly, sponsors can bid on groupsof triggers rather than individually, or set certain targetingparameters and have the system find the right answer. Many suchvariations are possible.

Conversion & Redemption Measurement

It is easy to see how the Sponsorship Junction model provides valuableservices for sponsors. In the baseball card example, fans areincentivized to visit The Burger Place in order to collect cards as partof the larger experience from Team 1. In driving foot traffic to TheBurger Place, Team 1 is providing a valuable service which is completelymeasurable, and the sponsor will gladly pay for this foot traffic on acost-per-trigger basis. However, from a sponsor's point of view, thereare services even more valuable than driving foot traffic, and the mostvaluable of all is when a customer makes a purchase. If an experienceprovider is able to drive conversions rather than (or in addition to)foot traffic, then that is something for which the benefiting sponsorwill pay handsomely.

There are many technical solutions to this problem in the context of thepresently-described system. One such solution is to add a timer to thetriggers used to drive foot traffic so that, for example, when a fanvisits The Burger Place, rather than being given the promised tradingcard immediately, he/she must stand within a certain radius of thetrigger for a certain amount of time, say 10 minutes. This will almostcertainly increase the likelihood of conversion over an implementationwithout a timer, and is therefore more valuable, but this solutionultimately suffers from the problem that the exact number of conversionsis not measurable within the system.

A far better solution is to measure conversions directly and only thenfire the trigger which awards the relevant experience, and again thereare many ways in which this can be done. It is important to note that aconversion is not necessarily limited to a financial transaction, andcan include many other results which are valuable to different entitiessuch as driving app installs, providing end-user information, consumingcontent such as watching a video, and so on, all of which are of coursetrigger-monitorable. In the most general case, a conversion can beentirely sponsor-defined.

One way to measure conversions is to integrate with the cash registerusing a technology such as NFC or capturing the credit card swipe. Theseactions can be used to identify the end-user either by credit cardinformation or by a uniquely-identifying token shared via a signal fromthe phone to the cash register in the case of NFC or otherproximity-based technologies. The Internet-connected cash register thensends an appropriate signal containing this uniquely-identifying to theoverall system, which in our example mints the trading card for therelevant end-user associated with this token. A similar solutioninvolves the credit card company on its back end identifying theend-user and sending the appropriate signal to the system, which thenmints the card. In this case the end-user can be identified by a creditcard number or other uniquely-identifying token which the credit cardcompany and presently-described system have shared for the purposes ofsuch identification. This method is not limited to credit card companiesand can just as easily apply to payment providers such as Square whichhave a presence at the point-of-sale, or to stored-value paymentproviders such as Paypal or Google Wallet (formerly Google Checkout),and in all of these cases, end-user identification on thepresently-described system is performed by sending auniquely-identifying token as described from the payment provider. Thedevice at the point-of-sale also need not belong to a payment provider,but instead can consist of a device coupled with the presently-describedsystem such as an iPad running software which fires a trigger when anend-user interacts with it, for instance by bringing his/her devicesufficiently close to it, in which case a proximity-sensing technologysuch as NFC or Bluetooth determines that the end-user has converted. Inthis case an identifying token is conveyed from the end-user's device tothe iPad and which fires a trigger to the overall system to register theconversion.

Other methods are also possible, such as printing a custom one-time usetrigger on the receipt. Unfortunately, these solutions also have theirdrawbacks, namely the time, expense, cost, and business complexities ofcash register or credit card company integration.

The presently-described system can be used to implement a solution tothis problem with neither of these drawbacks—namely, a solution that isable to measure conversions/redemptions exactly, and that does notrequire any cash register or payment provider integration, all justusing the previously described trigger types. This can be achieved usingone-time use triggers. Below we describe an implementation using visualor code word triggers as an example.

When a sponsor or anyone else who wishes to measure conversions usingthis system creates its triggers, instead of creating a proximity-basedtrigger or standard visual trigger containing an image, it createsdigital or physical tokens employing a set of one-time use vision orcode word triggers. One-time use vision triggers can be implementedusing QR codes which are scanned using a digital camera. Each suchvision trigger in the set is equal in that they all fire the sametrigger, despite the fact that they are all different QR images encodingsufficiently long random strings of letters, so if a fan scans onemember of the set, the resulting experience is the same as if they hadscanned a different one. However, because they are all different, eachtime one is used, the system marks that code as used, and if another fantries to scan that precise one, he/she will receive an error message tothe effect that it has already been used. One-time use code wordtriggers are similar and simply skip the step of creating a visual QRencoding of the one-time code. In this case, the end-user simply typesthe code rather than scanning it visually. A sponsor then creates asufficiently large number of these tokens having one-time use triggersand provides them to its cashiers. Whenever a customer makes a purchasesatisfying the conditions of the experience, the cashier hands over oneof these cheap and easily mass-produced tokens having a one-time usetrigger. The end-user scans it, which triggers the linked experience.This token system can be used to give rewards proportional to the amountspent, so for instance, if a fan of Team 1 visits The Burger Place andspends $10, the cashier hands him/her a token with a one-time visiontrigger that mints a “normal” card. If he/she spends $20, then he/shereceives a token with a one-time vision trigger that mints a “good”(i.e. higher value) card. Finally, if he/she spends at least $30, thenhe/she receives a token with a one-time trigger minting an “excellent”(i.e., highest value) card. Of course, any one-time use trigger can besubmitted to auction just like any other trigger.

If the sponsor starts to run out of these one-time use triggers, then itcan simply visit the system's website and print more, so this method hasthe added benefit of being completely self-serviced, if desired. Notethat one-time use visual or code word triggers are simply examples andshould not be construed as limiting. All triggers types in the systemare capable of employing digital or physical tokens employing one-timeuse instances of themselves that can be distributed either physically ordigitally at the time of conversion, the trigger type and the mode ofdistribution depending on the nature of the conversion.

Trigger Streams

Another embodiment of a sub-component which can be integrated with thesystem in a manner similar to that of Sponsorship Junctions and theLoyalty Points Exchange is called “Trigger Streams”, and as with all ofthese embodiments of sub-components can be viewed as an independentinvention which can stand alone or be integrated into a similar system.That being said, Trigger Streams similarly add value, power, andfunctionality to the embodiment of the overall system, so we willdescribe them in this context. The purpose of Trigger Streams is toprovide a means of broadcasting a stream of triggers as well as a meansof subscribing to these streams and then reacting to them via receiversas per norm. In one sense, Trigger Streams are similar to a form ofmachine-readable Twitter, only instead of individuals broadcasting astream of short, human-readable messages to which other people cansubscribe, Trigger Streams allow any individual, entity, or piece ofInternet-connected technology to broadcast a stream of machine-readabletriggers to which other entities such as brands can subscribe, all usingthe present system.

For instance, FIG. 44 illustrates one example of an end-user'sexperience of receiving an event from the system's Trigger Stream andincludes a representation of a display presenting a mobile userinterface for that purpose, in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention that may be implemented in the embodiment of FIG. 2using a Trigger Stream system. In this example, a weather informationservice called the “Weather Hotline” has become a Trigger Streamprovider with the present system. Whenever the weather changes anywhere,it broadcasts a trigger to that effect, along with geolocation datadescribing where that weather change happened. In this example, it hasbroadcast a trigger indicating that it has started to rain in thevicinity of San Jose, Calif. Meanwhile, a store called “XYZ” has usedthe embodiment of the present system to add functionality to its mobileapp which can respond to weather change events. XYZ has used the presentsystem to subscribe to the Weather Hotline's Trigger Stream, and to senddiscounts for umbrellas to its end-users if it starts to rain. One suchend-user who has XYZ's app installed on his mobile phone 910 happens tobe in San Jose, and the system therefore routs the rain announcementtrigger to his app via a push notification. His phone buzzes 3831,letting him know that a new message has been received. XYZ's appreceived the notification, so he opens it, and sees a message 4400jointly coming from the Weather Hotline as well as XYZ informing himthat it is about to rain and that he has received a coupon for anumbrella which he can redeem at one of XYZ's nearby stores. He clicks onthe related action button 4401 to accept the coupon.

Of course, this is a very specific example, and as such, it should notbe interpreted as limiting, since the Trigger Stream producers,subscribers, and consumers can come from the nearly infinite list ofsources that are compatible with the embodiment of the present system.

FIG. 45 is a block diagram illustrating how the Trigger Stream system isintegrated into the overall architecture of the embodiment of FIG. 2, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The maincomponent of the Trigger Stream system is the Trigger Stream Nexus 4501which is located in the Logic Engine 110. A series of Trigger Streamproducers 4511 are connected via communication channel 4510, theInternet 200, and communication channel 4500 to the Trigger StreamNexus. These producers broadcast Trigger Streams 1, 2, 3, and so on(respectively 4512, 4513, 4514) along this communication channel usingthe system's API or simple HTTP POST messages to the Nexus, where theyare processed and relayed via channel 4500, the Internet 200, andchannel 4530 to Trigger Stream consumers such as, but not limited tomobile devices 4532, wearable computers 4533, laptops 4534, and so onwhich modify modules created using the present system that arerepresented on these devices. The Trigger Stream system has a userinterface 4521 accessible through a web browser or standalone app whichis connected to the Trigger Stream Nexus via communication channel 4500,the Internet 200, and channel 4520. Trigger Stream producers useinterface 4522 to set up their streams within the system, whereasTrigger Stream subscribers use interface 4523 to choose which TriggerStreams to which they wish to subscribe. It is worth noting that thereis nothing in the system barring a brand from subscribing to its ownTrigger Stream, and a Trigger Stream producer and subscriber may in factbe the same entity. In addition, Trigger Stream subscribers use thisinterface to adjust further settings defining how triggers within thestreams are filtered and routed to end-users, for instance, by matchingthe geolocation metadata in the triggers to the geolocations of theend-users. Another piece of functionality controlled by the userinterface is pricing. Trigger Stream producers have the ability tocharge subscribers for their subscription, and can also charge on thebasis of triggers fired. Trigger Stream subscribers can also place bidson subscriptions or triggers and then wait to see if the producersaccept their bids. One final piece of functionality provided by the userinterfaces is a series of analytics screens which show both producersand subscribers charts, heat maps, graphs, and so on describing howtheir streams are performing and being used by end-users.

FIG. 46 is a block diagram showing the inner logical structure of thesystem's Trigger Stream Nexus, which is the heart of the Trigger Streamsystem. This diagram depicts several Trigger Streams 4600 whichoriginated from the Trigger Stream Producers 4511 in FIG. 45 as theyenter the Trigger Stream Nexus 4501. Trigger Stream 1 is labeled 4512and contains a stream of triggers which are depicted as black hexagons.Trigger Stream 2 is labeled 4513 and contains a stream of triggers whichare depicted as grey hexagons. Similarly, Trigger Stream 3 is labeled4514 and contains a stream of triggers shown as white hexagons. TheTrigger Stream Nexus can handle an arbitrary number of Trigger Streams,but for illustrative purposes, three will suffice.

Inside the Trigger Stream Nexus, each brand (or other entity) has itsown stream selector. In our example, Brand 1 has stream selector 4610,Brand 2 has stream selector 4611, and Brand 3 has stream selector 4612.This of course scales to any arbitrary number of brands or entities, butagain for illustrative purposes, three will suffice. As previouslydescribed, each brand previously used the system's user interface 4523in FIG. 45 to subscribe to one or more incoming Trigger Streams. In thisexample, Brand 1 has subscribed to streams 1 and 3, so its streamselector picks the triggers from streams 1 and 3 as they come into thesystem, and via 4620 copies them into a new stream 4630 which is a unionof those two streams, with the black hexagonal triggers coming fromstream 1, and the white hexagonal triggers coming from stream 3 in theorder that they were received by Brand 1's stream selector. Similarly,Brand 2 is only subscribed to Trigger Stream 3, so its stream selector4611 only picks out the white hexagonal triggers from stream 3 via 4621to create the new stream 4631. Finally, Brand 3 is subscribed to streams2 and 3, so its stream selector picks out and copies the grey hexagonaltriggers from stream 2 and the white hexagonal triggers from stream 3,merging them via 4622 into stream 4632.

Each of these streams is then sent to the brand distribution filters,whose job it is to select which triggers should be sent to whichend-users' modules. The reason for this is that it would be inefficientfor the system to simply send every trigger to every module, even afterwe have culled the total population of triggers to only the brands'subscribed streams. In our example, Brand 1's unified stream 4630 issent via 4640 to its distribution filters 4650, which sorts the triggersaccording to their data and metadata and then relays the filteredtriggers via 4660 to Brand 1's modules 4670 which have receivers forthose triggers, but only if the individual end-users meet all of thefilter criteria. For instance, in our example from FIG. 44, the WeatherHotline sent out a stream of weather triggers, and store XYZ subscribedto this stream. This stream of triggers is therefore relevant to anyonewho has the XYZ app installed. However, the weather triggers aredependent on geolocation, and if XYZ is a national brand, then theweather in, say, New York might be very different than in San Jose.XYZ's distribution filter is therefore responsible for not only sendingweather change triggers to anyone who has a relevant module, but it mustalso filter for geolocation so that it doesn't send weather triggersfrom the New York area to end-users in San Jose, or vice versa. Thisadditional filtering isn't done based only on geolocation, but can beperformed based on any metadata associated with the trigger. Forinstance, Major League Baseball may broadcast a Trigger Stream for everytime a player hits a home run in one of its games, but different teamsmight have their own fan apps, so although all of these fan apps mightsubscribe to this Trigger Stream, only a small subset of them (namelythe ones associated with their own team) might be relevant to their ownapps. So for example, the Distribution Filter for team X may filter outhome run triggers from team Y so as not to waste the bandwidth of teamX's end-users.

The Trigger Streams for Brands 2 and 3 are processed in a manner similarto that of Brand 1. In the case of Brand 2, stream 4631 is sent via 4641to Brand 2's distribution filters 4651, which filter and distributethose triggers via 4661 to Brand 2's end-users' modules 4671. Similarly,in the case of Brand 3, stream 4632 is sent via 4642 to Brand 3'sdistribution filters 4652, which filter and distribute those triggersvia 4662 to Brand 3's end-users' modules 4672. Of course, thedistribution filters are not strictly necessary for the system tofunction, so they can be omitted, but they do make it more efficient, soit is probably worth including them.

The triggers which make it through the filtering process arrive at therelevant modules and are processed just as any triggers would by thesystem's Module Processor 3340 within its Logic Engine 110, aspreviously described in FIGS. 33-36.

In the example above of a baseball team providing an Action Jackson cardto a user when the user visits Burger Place, the baseball team can beviewed as “owning” the audience member/user as a customer, and BurgerPlace can be viewed as “owning” the trigger by which the user's physicalpresence at Burger Place is confirmed. Burger Place is willing to payfor access to the team's audience members/users and therefore BurgerPlace uses the sponsorship junction to bid for such access and also toestablish the proper linkages between its trigger and the team'spromotion. In this context, Burger Place can be viewed as being both thecreator of the trigger and also the consumer of the same trigger for useby Burger Place as a sponsor. When a customer of the baseball teamenters the Burger Place, the Burger Place trigger is fired, and theresulting trigger message allows the customer to be rewarded with theAction Jackson card. Burger Place is a consumer of the trigger, becauseBurger Place is using the trigger for its own benefit as a sponsor,specifically in this example to drive baseball team's customers toBurger Place. This is the normal situation described above.

However, the creator and consumer of a trigger need not be the sameentity. If creation and consumption of a trigger are separated, thesponsorship junction must be able to handle this separation. In general,a company cannot become a consumer of a trigger unless the triggeralready exists. In the case of the Burger Place, the trigger will notexist until it has been created by the Burger Place. The Burger Place isunlikely to create a trigger unless it intends to be a consumer of itstrigger as a sponsor. On the other hand, once the Burger Place createsand consumes its trigger, it can also make the trigger available for useby others. Additionally, other types of triggers, such as weathertriggers (see paragraph 261), can be generated in advance without anyimmediately associated sponsor to consume the trigger. (It could beargued, however, that these other types of triggers are not reallydifferent in operation from the baseball team's Action Jackson digitalcard campaign triggers, because in each case the experience provider hadto create the environment and its trigger before it could be consumed bya sponsor.)

Because creation and consumption of a trigger does not have to beperformed by the same entity, then in order to handle this circumstance,the sponsorship junction design is not a simple 2-row matrix, withsponsors on one side and experience providers on the other side, as inthe case of FIG. 53 described above. In the 2-row matrix of FIG. 53,there can be any number of junctions between any given sponsor and anygive experience provider. In the situation of an expanded sponsorshipjunction, however, each entity (which we will call a “dual purpose”entity) that creates a trigger and that does not merely consume thetrigger, is in effect both a sponsor on the sponsor side of the matrixand an experience provider on the other side of the matrix. Among otherthings, this configuration allows the dual purpose entity to offer itstriggers to other sponsors even though the dual purpose entity is also aconsumer of its own triggers. Thus, an entity can be both a sponsor inone context and an experience provider in another context with regard tothe same trigger.

For example, with reference again to the example of the baseball teamand Burger Place, Burger Place wants access to the baseball team'saudience members/users and therefore is willing to pay on a per-triggerbasis for the baseball team to drive the team's audience members/usersto Burger Place. However, Burger Place is also an experience providermaking its triggers available to other sponsors. For example, aparticular sponsor (such as a candy store next to Burger Place) mightwant access to anyone who visits Burger Place in order to provideincentives for Burger Place patrons to visit the candy store (or,alternatively, Burger Place might want to provide a reward to itscustomers that includes driving customers to the candy store). Thus, thecandy store may bid for access to Burger Place's triggers, some of whichmay be driven by the baseball team's Action Jackson card promotion.Thus, there can be a “multiplier” effect, where the Burger Place paysfor access to the baseball team's audience members/users in order toincrease foot traffic to Burger Place (and in so doing creates triggersto reward those users who go to Burger Place) and also is paid by thecandy store for access to those same triggers. In this example, BurgerPlace has increased the value of its triggers by using the sponsorshipjunction to incentivize the same users to patronize the candy store andto obtain revenue offsetting its own sponsorship payments to thebaseball team. Because the users have this additional incentive, theBurger Place may also increase the amount of foot traffic to itslocation.

FIG. 58 is a block diagram demonstrating the flow of triggers accordingto a multiplier effect with a dual purpose entity as described in theprevious paragraphs, in accordance with one exemplary embodiment, whichis part of an expanded system along the lines of the matrix of FIG. 53.Using the above example of the baseball team, Burger Place, and candystore, assuming that bids from the Burger Place and from the candy storehave been successful in an auction (in a manner discussed generallyabove in connection with FIG. 54), then the trigger stream 5801 fromuser visits to the Burger Place is forwarded for use by the baseballteam 5802 in fulfilling the Action Jackson card promotion, so that theuser 5803 is transmitted the digital Action Jackson card. The BurgerPlace triggers are also used by the Burger Place itself in providing thecandy store benefit, so that when a user visits the candy store 5804 andmakes a discounted purchase using this benefit, the user 5805 has thediscounted candy, and the candy store sends its corresponding triggerback to the Burger Place, to account for the purchase, The Burger Placetriggers 5801 can be operative not only for any user who has receivedand acted on the Action Jackson card promotion but also for any otheruser whom the Burger Place may have targeted with the candy storepromotion who has acted on the candy store promotion. In each case thetrigger gates the corresponding reward.

FIG. 59 is a block diagram showing set-based representations ofoperation of the dual purpose entity in use of triggers to achieve themultiplier effect, in accordance with one exemplary embodiment. Again,using the above example of the baseball team, Burger Place, and candystore, a set of the baseball team's members/users 5821 is incentivizedto go to Burger Place 5810 as part of the Action Jackson promotion. Thebaseball team's members/users from the set 5821 who actually visitBurger Place 5810 in a manner responsive to the incentive are a subsetof the set of visitors 5811 to Burger Place (and the team is notified ofsuch visitors via trigger messages), where the set of visitors 5811 toBurger Place also may include typical walk-in patrons 5814 and possiblyalso visitors driven from other promotions (represented by the subset X5813). Some or all of Burger Place's users from the set of visitors 5811can become part of the candy store promotion such that, when any of suchBurger Place's users visit the candy store, the Burger Place is notifiedof such visitors via trigger messages. Thus, the baseball team's ActionJackson card promotion can increase the number of visitors to BurgerPlace, which in turn can increase the number of Burger Place users whoare offered the candy store promotion. Similarly, Burger Place'smembers/users from the set 5811 who actually visit the candy store canbecome a subset of the set of visitors 5831 to the candy store, whichmay include additional visitors (represented by the subset 5833).

In this paradigm, triggers may be made available to entities for use asexperience provider triggers and/or sponsor triggers as a particularcontext might warrant. Generally speaking, the sponsorship value of aparticular relationship will depend on who owns or controls the audiencemembers/users and who owns or controls the relevant triggers, and thisprinciple can govern the allocation of payments made for sponsorshipachieved through the sponsorship junctions. Generally speaking, money orother benefits will flow from a sponsor to the experience provider,although more complex arrangements can be created between entities,where one entity might be the experience provider for certain triggerswhile being a sponsor for other triggers.

The system described above in fact can be generalized. As we have shown,creating and consuming a trigger do not have to be accomplished by thesame entity, such as the Burger Place. Accordingly, a sponsor can decideto provide a reward to the audience members of any entity that offers aset of triggers of any kind, and the sponsorship junction can beemployed as the mechanism by which the sponsor is matched with theaudience provider. In one variation, it is the sponsor making bids for aspecific audience provider and an auction determines the winner of thebidding. Alternatively, the sponsor, such as the Burger Place, mighthave a standing offer (e.g., $0.50) for any user who is sensed aspresent at the Burger Place as a result of a program of any audienceprovider, and in that fashion, any number of audience providers can belinked to the Burger Place through a sponsorship junction, by acceptingthe standing offer, and can receive payment for any of the audienceprovider's users who visit the Burger Place. For example, as acounterpoint to the baseball team example above, rather than the BurgerPlace's winning a bid for access to the baseball team's users, here theBurger Place can create a standing offer through the sponsorshipjunction, and the baseball team can incentivize its users to interactwith the Burger Place's trigger and thereby can receive compensationfrom the Burger Place as sponsor, through the sponsorship junction,based on the standing offer. Similarly, other audience providers inaddition to the baseball team can take advantage of the same standingoffer. Thus, in this example, another audience provider may be involved,such as Pokemon Go, to incentivize its game-playing users to patronizethe Burger Place in its own promotion. For example, every time thecompany offering Pokemon Go gets a user to interact with the BurgerPlace's trigger, the Burger Place as sponsor pays $0.50, and the revenuefrom these payments can be shared between the platform provider and thePokemon Go company. (Additionally, in this example, as discussedpreviously in the context of the Candy Store, the Burger Place has bothcreated and consumed a first trigger associated with presence of a useron the premises of the Burger Place.)

In this generalized configuration, the sponsorship junction can turn awhole city (and, for that matter, a whole country) into a physicaltrigger ecosystem, where every sponsor has triggers that can be madeavailable to a wide range of potential audience providers. The sponsorsthus can put in bids, for example, saying essentially, “Anyone who canget a user to interact with my trigger will be paid $0.50.” Then theplatform provides a vast trigger network and auction mechanism to anyaudience provider that wants to use it.

Although the generalized configuration described above involves an offergenerated by the sponsoring brand, providing to the audience providersthe possibility of accepting the offer, the system can be run in adifferent manner—namely one wherein the brand receives offers from theaudience providers, and the brand decides which offers to accept fromthe audience providers.

The present invention may be embodied in many different forms,including, but in no way limited to, computer program logic for use witha processor (e.g., a microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signalprocessor, or general purpose computer), programmable logic for use witha programmable logic device (e.g., a Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA) or other PLD), discrete components, integrated circuitry (e.g.,an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)), or any other meansincluding any combination thereof.

Computer program logic implementing all or part of the functionalitypreviously described herein may be embodied in various forms, including,but in no way limited to, a source code form, a computer executableform, and various intermediate forms (e.g., forms generated by anassembler, compiler, networker, or locator.) Source code may include aseries of computer program instructions implemented in any of variousprogramming languages (e.g., an object code, an assembly language, or ahigh-level language such as Fortran, C, C++, JAVA, or HTML) for use withvarious operating systems or operating environments. The source code maydefine and use various data structures and communication messages. Thesource code may be in a computer executable form (e.g., via aninterpreter), or the source code may be converted (e.g., via atranslator, assembler, or compiler) into a computer executable form.

The computer program may be fixed in any form (e.g., source code form,computer executable form, or an intermediate form) either permanently ortransitorily in a tangible storage medium, such as a semiconductormemory device (e.g., a RAM, ROM, PROM, EEPROM, or Flash-ProgrammableRAM), a magnetic memory device (e.g., a diskette or fixed disk), anoptical memory device (e.g., a CD-ROM), a PC card (e.g., PCMCIA card),or other memory device. The computer program may be fixed in any form ina signal that is transmittable to a computer using any of variouscommunication technologies, including, but in no way limited to, analogtechnologies, digital technologies, optical technologies, wirelesstechnologies, networking technologies, and internetworking technologies.The computer program may be distributed in any form as a removablestorage medium with accompanying printed or electronic documentation(e.g., shrink wrapped software or a magnetic tape), preloaded with acomputer system (e.g., on system ROM or fixed disk), or distributed froma server or electronic bulletin board over the communication system(e.g., the Internet or World Wide Web.)

Hardware logic (including programmable logic for use with a programmablelogic device) implementing all or part of the functionality previouslydescribed herein may be designed using traditional manual methods, ormay be designed, captured, simulated, or documented electronically usingvarious tools, such as Computer Aided Design (CAD), a hardwaredescription language (e.g., VHDL or AHDL), or a PLD programming language(e.g., PALASM, ABEL, or CUPL.)

While the invention has been particularly shown and described withreference to specific embodiments, it will be understood by thoseskilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be madetherein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention asdefined by the appended clauses. As will be apparent to those skilled inthe art, techniques described above for panoramas may be applied toimages that have been captured as non-panoramic images, and vice versa.

Embodiments of the present invention may be described, withoutlimitation, by the following clauses. While these embodiments have beendescribed in the clauses by process steps, an apparatus comprising acomputer with associated display capable of executing the process stepsin the clauses below is also included in the present invention.Likewise, a computer program product including computer executableinstructions for executing the process steps in the clauses below andstored on a computer readable medium is included within the presentinvention.

The embodiments of the invention described above are intended to bemerely exemplary; numerous variations and modifications will be apparentto those skilled in the art. All such variations and modifications areintended to be within the scope of the present invention as defined inany appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A non-transitory computer-readable medium that,when executed on a server, establishes processes for providing a brandsponsorship environment, the processes comprising: a. providing acomputer-implemented platform establishing a sponsorship junctioninvolving a first set of trigger-monitorable activities defined by a setof sponsoring brands, the platform implementing processes including: foreach sponsoring brand of the set of sponsoring brands, serving over anetwork, by the server, the server coupled to a storage system andcoupled to the network, data defining a screen on a client computer ofsuch sponsoring brand representative by which the sponsoring brandrepresentative can specify at least a specified subset of the first setof trigger-monitorable activities and a corresponding offer, thespecified subset being monitored by corresponding triggers; andreceiving over the network and storing by the server data, from theclient computer of such sponsoring brand representative, defining thespecified subset of trigger-monitorable activities and the correspondingoffer; wherein at least one of all of the trigger-monitorable activitiesin the specified subset utilizes a Physical Trigger; causing display, bythe server, over the network, of data characterizing the offer for thetrigger-monitorable activity, on client computers of a set of audienceprovider representatives; b. storing, by the server, for each audienceprovider representative accepting the offer of a given sponsoring brand,an audience provider selection that establishes a set of linkages, eachlinkage defining a correspondence between at least one member of thespecified subset of trigger-monitorable activities and such audienceprovider, so as to define sponsorship by the given sponsoring brand ofsuch audience provider in the set of audience providers; and c. for eachaudience provider representative accepting the offer of the givensponsoring brand, receiving, by the server, over a period of time, a setof triggers, each trigger applicable to a participating end-userassociated with such audience provider, and, responsive to the storedselection by such audience provider, associating, by the server, the setof triggers with the account of the given sponsoring brand and relayingthe set of triggers according to instructions provided on behalf of suchaudience provider.
 2. A non-transitory computer-readable mediumaccording to claim 1, wherein, (i) for each audience provider, thereward that can be offered to the participating end user isparticipation in a specified subset of trigger-monitorable activitiesdefined by such sponsoring brand, and (ii) each linkage defines acorrespondence between at least one trigger monitorable activityattributable to a member of the set of audience providers and at leastone trigger, attributable to such sponsoring brand, that is a conversiontrigger that is fired when the participating end-user performs an actiontargeted by the sponsorship, the processes further comprising: providingto the participating end-user, when and only when the participatingend-user shall have performed the targeted action, a token codeduniquely for a one-time use, wherein a reward for the targeted action isconditioned on interaction of the participating end-user's computingdevice with the token so as to cause sending a conversion triggermessage to the server, so that the conversion trigger message isproduced only once and only after the targeted action has been performedby the participating end-user.
 3. A non-transitory computer-readablemedium according to claim 2, wherein the targeted action is visiting bythe participating end user of an identified physical location.
 4. Anon-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 2, whereinthe targeted action is purchasing by the participating end user of anitem.
 5. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 3,wherein the token is implemented in a receipt given to the end user formaking a purchase.
 6. A non-transitory computer-readable mediumaccording to claim 2, wherein the targeted action is visiting by theparticipating end user to an identified digital location.
 7. Anon-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 6, whereinthe digital location is identified by a URL.
 8. A non-transitorycomputer-readable medium that, when executed on a server, establishesprocesses for providing a brand sponsorship environment, the processescomprising: a. providing a computer-implemented platform establishing asponsorship junction involving a trigger-monitorable activity defined bya given sponsoring brand, the platform implementing processes including:serving over a network, by the server coupled to both a storage systemand the network, data defining a screen on a client computer of asponsoring brand representative by which the sponsoring brandrepresentative can specify the trigger-monitorable activity and acorresponding offer, the specified trigger-monitorable activity beingmonitored by corresponding triggers; and receiving over the network andstoring by the server, data, from the client computer of such sponsoringbrand representative, defining the trigger-monitorable activity and thecorresponding offer; wherein the trigger-monitorable activity utilizes aPhysical Trigger; b. causing display, by the server, over the network,of data characterizing the offer for the trigger-monitorable activity,to client computers of a set of audience providers; c. storing, by theserver, for any audience provider accepting the offer, an audienceprovider selection that establishes a linkage defining a correspondencebetween the trigger-monitorable activity and such audience provider, soas to define sponsorship by the given sponsoring brand of such audienceprovider; and d. receiving, by the server, over a period of time, a setof triggers, each trigger applicable to a participating end-userassociated with such audience provider, and, responsive to the storedselection by such audience provider subsets of trigger-monitorableactivities, associating, by the server, each trigger with the account ofthe given sponsoring brand and relaying the trigger according toinstructions provided on behalf of such audience provider.
 9. Anon-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein(i) for each audience provider, the reward that can be offered to theparticipating end user is participation in a specified set oftrigger-monitorable activities defined by such sponsoring brand, and(ii) each linkage defines a correspondence between at least one triggermonitorable activity attributable to a member of the set of sponsoringbrands and at least one trigger, attributable to a such audienceprovider, that is a conversion trigger that is fired when theparticipating end-user performs an action targeted by the sponsorship,the method further comprising: providing to the participating end-user,when and only when the participating end-user shall have performed thetargeted action, a token coded uniquely for a one-time use, wherein areward for the targeted action is conditioned on interaction of theparticipating end-user's computing device with the token so as to causesending a conversion trigger message to the server, so that theconversion trigger message is produced only once and only after thetargeted action has been performed by the participating end-user.
 10. Anon-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 9, whereinthe targeted action is visiting by the participating end user of anidentified physical location.
 11. A non-transitory computer-readablemedium according to claim 9, wherein the targeted action is purchasingby the participating end user of an item.
 12. A non-transitorycomputer-readable medium according to claim 11, wherein the token isimplemented in a receipt given to the end user for making a purchase.13. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 9,wherein the targeted action is visiting by the participating end user toan identified digital location.
 14. A non-transitory computer-readablemedium according to claim 13, wherein the digital location is identifiedby a URL.